乡村旅游综合发展优势及协调性研究——以华中地区乡村旅游重点村为例

乡村旅游是实现乡村振兴,推动乡村高质量发展的重要途径。为促进乡村旅游的高质量发展,本研究以华中地区124个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,运用地理探测器量化多个影响因素对华中地区乡村旅游重点村空间分布的影响效果,构建综合优势度模型评价华中地区乡村旅游综合优势度,并结合重点村分布和综合优势度分布构建耦合协调度模型,以评估乡村旅游重点村发展的协调效果。研究结果表明：1）华中地区乡村旅游重点村呈现多核心的集聚分布,受多维影响因素综合影响,各因素间协同影响作用突出;2）综合优势度分析显示,华中地区乡村旅游综合发展优势总体上表现为河南省＞湖北省＞湖南省,与重点村空间分布高度耦合,且耦合协调类型与综合优势度成正相关;3）乡村旅游重点村的发展优势受各因素协调效果的制约,资源禀赋是选址的首要考虑指标,而交通条件是持续发展的必要条件。本研究可为乡村旅游创新提质和产业升级提供理论依据和实践经验。     

浅谈云南省奶牛业

阐述了云南省奶牛业的现状,论述了云南奶牛业发展中存在的五个问题,并针对性地提出了云南省奶牛业发展的六条应对措施。总结认为首先应制定发展目标,做好发展规划,其次政府应加强宏观调控,加大对奶牛业的扶持力度,积极开拓市场,可使云南奶牛业迅速发展。     

构建农村法律援助体系的难点与对策

民主法制建设是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容之一,法律援助在农村民主法制建设中占有突出地位。针对农村法律援助面临人员缺乏、经费不足等问题,提出了采取加强人才队伍建设和拓宽经费筹措渠道等措施。     

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

Management strategies for forage rape (Brassica napus L. cv Goliath): Impact on dry-matter yield,plant reserves,morphology and nutritive value

Limited information is available on the grazing management principles of forage rape (Brassica napus L.), particularly in relation to grazing height and intensity and the impact of these on dry-matter (DM) yield and nutritive value. A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effect of three defoliation heights (plant height at harvest; DH: 40, 70 and 90 cm; L, M and H DH respectively) and three defoliation intensities (height at which plants were cut; DI: 5, 20 and 35 cm of residual height; H, M and L DI respectively) on forage rape (cv Goliath) yield and nutritive value at two harvests (harvest 1, H1 and harvest 2, H2), and the impact of nitrogen (N) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves on regrowth. Increasing DH from L to H increased estimated total DM yield (H1 plus H2) from 0.5 to 4.6 t DM/ha but DI did not affect yield. Dry-matter yield was optimized at 90 cm DH, but greater nutritive value was achieved by harvesting at lower levels of DH. Despite high in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD; 852–889 g/kg), harvesting at 90 cm DH could not meet the protein requirement of lactating dairy cows and harvesting at lower levels risks nitrate poisoning. Our results indicate the optimum DH may be between 70 and 90 cm DH, and 20 and 35 cm DI, which requires further studies.     

春季低温对小麦颖果发育的影响

为了探明春季低温（倒春寒）导致小麦减产的细胞学机理,以扬麦15为材料,在小麦幼穗处于雌雄蕊分化期至药隔期之间时,设置-3 ℃低温处理,通过树脂半薄切片对颖果不同发育时期的形态结构进行观察。结果表明：（1）在颖果发育早期,低温促进了颖果的长度生长,抑制了宽度生长;与对照相比,低温处理组小麦颖果发育进程缩短;（2）低温处理组颖果果皮发育早,中果皮降解速度快;（3）低温处理增加了胚乳淀粉体的积累量,降低了蛋白体的积累量,发育后期胚乳充实度显著低于对照组;（4）与对照相比,低温处理后颖果韧皮部面积和珠心突起传递细胞面积增大。以上结果表明,春季低温处理更有利于养分运输组织的发育,使得灌浆时间缩短,最终导致淀粉积累量增加及颖果早熟。     

Exploiting chemical ecology to manage hyperparasitoids in biological control of arthropod pests

Insect hyperparasitoids are fourth trophic level organisms that commonly occur in terrestrial food webs, yet they are relatively understudied. These top‐carnivores can disrupt biological pest control by suppressing the populations of their parasitoid hosts, leading to pest outbreaks, especially in confined environments such as greenhouses where augmentative biological control is used. There is no effective eco‐friendly strategy that can be used to control hyperparasitoids. Recent advances in the chemical ecology of hyperparasitoid foraging behavior have opened opportunities for manipulating these top‐carnivores in such a way that biological pest control becomes more efficient. We propose various infochemical‐based strategies to manage hyperparasitoids. We suggest that a push‐pull strategy could be a promising approach to ‘push’ hyperparasitoids away from their parasitoid hosts and ‘pull’ them into traps. Additionally, we discuss how infochemicals can be used to develop innovative tools improving biological pest control (i) to restrict accessibility of resources (e.g. sugars and alternative hosts) to primary parasitoid only or (ii) to monitor hyperparasitoid presence in the crop for early detection. We also identify important missing information in order to control hyperparasitoids and outline what research is needed to reach this goal. Testing the efficacy of synthetic infochemicals in confined environments is a crucial step towards the implementation of chemical ecology‐based approaches targeting hyperparasitoids. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

我国饲草重大病虫鼠害研究进展

为全面了解我国饲草重大病虫鼠害分布和危害,充分掌握其传播扩散规律及其造成的重大经济损失,我们系统分析了我国饲草病害、虫害、鼠害等生物灾害危害情况,总结了国内外饲草病虫鼠害防控现状与研究进展,提出了饲草重大生物灾害的防控对策,为保障饲草产业和草牧业健康发展提供理论支撑。此外,本文还总结了我国饲草病虫鼠害的防控难题,为今后饲草病虫鼠害的研究提供了方向。     

镇巴县药用大黄林药间作技术研究

为研究药用大黄林药间作的关键技术,于陕西省镇巴县盐场镇响洞村退耕香椿林地下移栽一年生药用大黄种苗,并测定其生长发育情况。结果表明,药用大黄生物量的积累随种植年度的增加而增加,第1年增长较为缓慢,第2年、第3年增速较快;不同郁闭度对药用大黄生物量的积累有显著性影响,当郁闭度为40%时,生物量积累最为显著,药用大黄平均单根鲜重高达5.3 kg。镇巴县药用大黄与香椿树林药间作,可以有效地缓解土地资源匮乏,保护野生资源不被破坏,同时也是生态种植的一种应用,为镇巴县林药间作模式提供有效的技术支撑。     

张家界农业旅游发展的SWOT分析及对策研究

张家界依托其得天独厚的自然条件,已迅速发展成为旅游产业大市。然而张家界的旅游资源与农业资源密不可分,自然景观与田园风貌紧密相连。为寻找适应于张家界农业旅游的发展道路,采用SWOT分析法重点对张家界农业旅游发展的机会、优势、劣势及挑战几个方面进行分析,并提出发展对策。