Evaluation of Dynamic Structural Disorders in the Upper Airways and Applied Rein Tension in Healthy Dressage Horses During Riding in Different Gaits and Head–Neck Positions

Flexion of the horse’s head and neck during dressage riding reduces the pharyngeal lumen with the risk of increased upper airway resistance and upper airway obstructions. According to the Fédération Equestre Internationale, hyperflexion is achieved through force, whereas the position low–deep–round is nonforced. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) applied rein tension and (2) dynamic structural disorders in the upper airways in dressage horses in different gaits and different head–neck positions (HNPs). Overground endoscopy (OGE) and rein tension were evaluated in 13 clinically healthy and high-performance Warmblood dressage horses while being ridden in a standardized program comprised of four different gaits (halt, walk, trot, and canter) and in four HNPs (unrestrained, competition frame, hyperflexion, and low–deep–round). All included horses were able to achieve the desired HNPs. The HNP low–deep–round showed significantly lower rein tension than competition frame (P < .001) and hyperflexion (P < .001). An association was found between dynamic structural disorders in the upper airway tract evaluated by OGE and head–neck flexion, but this association was not linked to the degree of flexion. The HNP hyperflexion was neither associated with greater rein tension nor severe dynamic structural disorders than the HNP competition frame. This study confirms that low–deep–round is a nonforced position, in contrast to hyperflexion. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether dynamic structural disorders are a result of flexion or if the degree of flexion has an impact.     

二冲程醇类混合燃料发动机点火提前角调节系统的研究

通过分析点火提前角对发动机性能的影响,得出使用醇类混合燃料的二冲程发动机需要改进点火系统的结论。将现阶段汽车工业在点火系统上采用的微机控制点火技术加以改进后移植到二冲程发动机上,在原点火系统中加装点火控制单元ECU并将其改造成电控点火系统。改进后的点火系统可对点火提前角进行标定,对发动机在不同转速和工况下的点火提前角进行实时调节,找到发动机在该转速和工况下的理想点火提前角。改进后的二冲程汽油机可进一步改善发动机的动力性、经济性以及排放性能。     

怎样才能做好科技兴库强库的工作

论述了＂科技兴库＂的意义和作用,并从五方面较详细地阐述了保证＂科技兴库＂的条件和措施,为培养和成为新时期合格的仓储工作者提供了借鉴条件。     

基于VB的木材无损检测近红外光谱图检索系统的实现

利用VB语言设计木材无损检测的近红外光谱图检索系统,检索关键词由＂物质名＂、＂光谱查询＂及＂列表查询＂组成,可分别实现已知物质名的光谱图检索、未知物质基于吸收峰位置的物质名检索及吸收峰位置相同或接近的物质名列表检索。检索界面简洁,易于操作,相对于传统的检索方法,检索的查全查准率较高。     

Crystallinity of wood and the size of cellulose crystallites in Norway spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis>)

X-ray diffraction was used to study variations in the crystallinity of wood and the average thickness and length of the crystallites of cellulose as a function of the number of the year ring in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. The crystallinity increased from ring 4 to ring 10 from the pith and was constant after ring 10. The crystallinity of mature wood was about 30% ± 5%. The average thickness and average length of the crystallites were 3.2 ± 0.1nm and 28 ± 2nm, respectively; and no systematic variation of these values with the number of the year ring was observed. The mean microfibril angle decreased near the pith but was constant in the mature wood.     

论湿地公园植物景观营造中的人性化处理——以西溪国家湿地公园为例

随着城市化进程的日益加快,作为城市绿地系统的重要组成部分的湿地公园,在改善城市生态环境和提高城市生物多样性方面具有不可替代的作用。而且其独特的植物景观,能够让市民切实感受到湿地作为“城市之肾”的无穷魅力。作者以西溪国家湿地公园为例,探讨了湿地公园植物景观营造中的人性化处理技术,以期为湿地公园植物景观营造的更好开展提供参考。     

汽车电动助力转向系统回正特性控制逻辑分析

以汽车转向系转向特性为研究对象和目标,为了探讨汽车转向回正特性对汽车行驶安全和操纵稳定性的影响,降低驾驶员施加于方向盘的转向力矩,并使驾驶员获得良好的路感,改善汽车转向系的回正特性,提出了一种电动助力转向系统回正控制算法以提高转向盘的回正特性,开发了一种基于转向盘转角估计的PID控制策略.为了分析获得汽车转向回正特性和回正控制逻辑,通过分析和物理模型简化建立了电动助力转向系统的动力学模型,并根据建立的模型,对提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析,结果表明此控制策略可提高转向盘的回正特性和稳定性,利于提高汽车行驶的安全性和操纵稳定性.     

杨树微纤丝角的变异及其与木材性质的相关关系

微纤丝角为细胞次生壁S2层微纤丝排列方向与细胞主轴所形成的夹角,与木材的物理性质、力学性质和化学性质都有着直接的关系。应用x射线衍射法测定了7个杨树无性系(14株样木)胸径处各年轮的微纤丝角,并对应分析和测定了各年轮的木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量。研究结果表明,杨树微纤丝角在年轮间存在显著差异,其径向变异规律为从髓心向外以微纤丝角逐渐降低,年轮间的平均微纤丝角在7.8旱?8褐洌荒静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾吭谀曷旨湟泊嬖谙灾钜臁O喙胤治霰砻鳎⑾怂拷怯肽静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾看嬖谙灾母合喙毓叵??0.01),相关系数分别为-0.450、-0.586、-0.516和-0.660。回归分析结果表明,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角与所测定的木材性质的关系,相关系数均在-0.45以上(n=125)。本文的研究结果认为,在今后针对杨树材性改良的育种计划中,微纤丝角是一个重要的选育和改良指标。图3表3参34。     

大型烟囱垂直度偏差的测量方法

大型烟囱一般是工业厂区的高耸建筑,经过几十年的使用,需要重新鉴定其结构可靠性,烟囱的垂直度,是一个很重要的安全指标。由于烟囱为圆形截面,不能直接测量,而且工业厂区内建筑较多,通视条件较差,给测量带来很多困难。通过测量烟囱上下两个标高处的外轮廓水平角度,换算出上下标高处的相对水平偏移角,再用角度交汇方法求出最终偏移值,经过精度分析,完全满足工程精度要求。本文以上海某大型烟囱为例,提出了对已有烟囱垂直度偏差的检测方法,以用于大型服役烟囱的监测。     

废纸在人造板领域中的回收利用技术及研究进展

综述了国内外利用回收废纸制造人造板技术研究进展,分析了废纸在人造板领域回收再利用技术的发展趋势,阐述了废纸与木质材料制备复合材料存在的三大问题,并提出了对策。