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Cadmium (Cd) intake is harmful to human health and Cd contamination in rice grains represents a severe threat to those consuming rice as a staple food. Knockout of Cd transporters is a promising strategy to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains. OsNRAMP5 is the major transporter for Cd and manganese (Mn) uptake in rice. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether knockout of OsNRAMP5 is applicable to produce low Cd rice without affecting plant growth and grain yield. In this study, we adopted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technology to knock out OsNRAMP5 in two japonica varieties. We generated three independent transgene-free osnramp5 mutants and investigated the effect of osnramp5 mutations on Cd accumulation and plant growth. Hydroponic experiments showed that plant growth and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced in osnramp5 mutants at low Mn conditions, and this defective growth in the mutants could be fully rescued by supply of high levels of Mn. Cd and Mn accumulation in both roots and shoots was markedly reduced in the mutants compared to that in wild-type plants. In paddy field experiments, although Cd in flag leaves and grains was greatly reduced in osnramp5 mutants, some agronomic traits including plant height, seed setting rate, and grain number per panicle were affected in the mutants, which ultimately caused a mild reduction in grain yield. The reduced plant growth in the mutants can be attributed to a marked decrease in Mn accumulation. Our results reveal that the manipulation of OsNRAMP5 should be treated with caution: When assessing the applicability of osnramp5 mutants, soil pH and soil water content in paddy fields need to be taken into consideration, since they might affect the levels of available Mn in the soil and consequently determine the effect of the mutation on grain yield. 相似文献
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AIM: In podocytes, autophagy occurs at a high basal level and dysregulated autophagy is associa-ted with a variety of podocytopathies. This paper is to investigate the role of autophagy in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte injury. METHODS: Sublytic complement C5b-9 stimulation was used as an in vitro model. Autophagosomes were confirmed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Immunoblotting was used to measure the change of autophagy-related markers. Cellular morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were used to detect the expression and distribution of nephrin. The cell viability was assessed by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining. RESULTS: For ensuring sublytic complement injury, the maximal amounts of anti-podocyte antiserum and 160×-diluted normal human serum were used without inducing cell lysis (defined as >5% LDH release). Sublytic C5b-9 promoted autophagy of podocytes in vitro. The proautophagic effect of sublytic C5b-9 manifested in the form of accumulated MDC-labeled vesicles and enhanced the expression of LC3-Ⅱ. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) promoted sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte morphological abnormalities. Compared with the sublytic C5b-9-injured podocytes, 3-MA exposure further decreased the expression of nephrin. 3-MA enhanced sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Sublytic C5b-9 attack induces autophagy, which may play a protective role against complement-mediated podocyte injury. 相似文献
14.
本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联的技术对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)K88的热不稳定性肠毒素(heat-labile toxin,LT)基因进行无痕敲除并获得K88 LT-缺陷菌株。通过序列比对获取LT两端同源序列,并构建包含LT边界、氯霉素筛选标记、sgRNA和LT同源臂的供体片段;将供体片段转化至ETEC K88,同时分别利用λ-Red同源重组系统和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,对LT基因进行敲除;通过PCR验证获得了K88 LT-缺陷菌株,并通过试验测定了敲除菌株的溶血能力和生长曲线。结果显示,λ-Red同源重组系统可成功地将LT基因替换为相应的供体片段,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可高效地对筛选标记进行删除,最终通过λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9结合的基因编辑系统可成功对ETEC K88的LT基因进行无痕敲除。体外试验结果表明,K88 LT-缺陷菌株的溶血能力丧失,并且生长速度比野生型菌株减缓,LT可能和ETEC K88的致病能力和生长性能有关。表明λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9级联的基因敲除方法可用于LT毒素基因及其他一些大肠杆菌基因的敲除。K88 LT-缺陷菌株的构建为下一步研究LT毒素的致病机制奠定基础。 相似文献
15.
茶树咖啡碱合成酶CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑载体的构建 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
CRISPR/Cas9技术是一门新兴的基因组定点编辑技术,具有操作简单、高效的优点,可轻松实现对目标基因的敲除、替换和定点突变等操作。该技术刚诞生,就受到了全球生命科学领域研究者的关注,不到3年的时间就已经成功应用于多种动、植物当中。然而CRISPR/Cas9技术在茶树中的应用面临载体构建问题,本文以茶树咖啡碱合成酶为例,联合采用常规PCR、Overlapping PCR和Golden Gate Cloning技术,构建了包含茶树咖啡碱合成酶双靶点的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑载体,为CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术在茶树中的应用奠定了坚实基础。 相似文献
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AIM: To study the function of the gene mRSD-9 . METHODS: The techniques of immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were applied to verify the interaction between mRSD-9 and endophlin 3. The ATP/GTP combined experiment and the clathrin releasing experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of mRSD-9 on endocytosis. RESULTS: Expressed Myc-mRSD-9 was precipitated by Flag-endophilin 3. Conversely, the expressed Flag-endophilin 3 was also precipitated by Myc-mRSD-9. Under laser scanning confocal microscope, mRSD-9-GFP fusion protein and endophilin 3-RFP fusion protein were observed to co-localize in CHO cells. The combination of mRSD-9 protein with ATP/GTP was found and was specific because no combination was detected using mutant ΔmRSD-9. In empty vector transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in red fluorescent expressed cells was roughly the same as the untransfected cells. In pDsRed1-N1-mRSD-9 transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in mRSD-9 protein expressed cells was obviously reduced. In pDsRed1-N1-ΔmRSD-9 transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in ΔmRSD-9 protein expressed cells was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The protein coded by mRSD-9 gene can suppress endocytosis of transferrin. 相似文献
18.
AtWNK9为拟南芥WNK(With no lysine kinase)激酶家族成员,其功能尚不清楚.采用生物信息学和生物学实验相结合的方法,对AtWNK9蛋白结构、亚细胞定位、启动子元件、基因表达模式进行了分析.研究发现,AtWNK9定位在细胞核中;该基因在拟南芥根中高效表达,其表达受ABA,NaCl、葡萄糖、热和冷等非生物胁迫处理强烈诱导.结果表明,AtWNK9为非生物胁迫反应相关基因,并可能参与根的生长发育. 相似文献
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20.
Mariarita Romanucci Paolo E. Crisi Maria Veronica Giordano Morena Di Tommaso Francesco Simeoni Leonardo Della Salda 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):112
A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α–smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non–smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff–stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge. 相似文献