平水日铸茶连续化自动化标准化生产及其产品品质分析

为了推广、建设在解放前一度几濒失传的历史名茶——平水日铸茶及其品牌,国家茶叶产业技术体系品质评价与精制拼配岗位与绍兴市柯桥区林业局进行了产品加工工艺规范化、技术与产品标准化研究。2010年至今,建设了平水日铸茶生产线2条,其生产出的产品品质达到并超过原来单机生产的产品品质,并总结出了一套平水日铸茶的标准化工艺参数。     

Optimization of Bread Preparation from Wheat Flour and Malted Rice Flour

The feasibility of partially replacing wheat flour with malted rice flour in bread making was evaluated in several formulations, aiming to find a formulation for the production of malted rice-wheat bread with better nutritional quality and consumer acceptance. The whole grains of a local rice variety (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica var. Mottaikaruppan) were steeped in distilled water (12 h, 30°C) and germinated for 3 days to obtain high content of soluble materials and amylase activity in bread making. The quality of bread was evaluated by considering the physical and sensorial parameters. When the wheat flour was substituted with malted rice flour, 35% substitution level and the malted rice flour from 3 days of germination was the best according to the physical and sensory qualities of bread. The quality of bread was improved by the addition of 20 g of margarine, 20 g of baking powder and 20 g of yeast in 1 kg of flour. Among different ratios of yeast and baking powder, 2:1 was the best. Bread improver containing amylases and oxidizing agents at the concentration of 40 g/kg was selected as the best concentration. When comparing the final formulation made in the bakery with wheat bread, malted rice-wheat bread contains more soluble dietary fiber (0.62%), insoluble dietary fiber (3.95%), total dietary fiber (4.57%) and free amino acid content (0.64 g/kg) than those in wheat bread (0.5%, 2.73%, 3.23% and 0.36 g/kg, respectively).     

基于适宜尺度选择的冬小麦赤霉病遥感监测

为快速、准确获取江淮麦区县域冬小麦赤霉病发生信息,选用中、高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像做多尺度信息融合研究。在筛选适宜冬小麦田块分布特征的空间尺度遥感影像基础上,通过分析冬小麦长势指标和赤霉病病情指数之间的互作关系,构建基于多农学参数的冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,并对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化进行遥感监测。结果表明:(1)2m×2m、8m×8m和16m×16m三种空间尺度融合影像的均值相差不大,平均梯度和标准差存在明显差异。16m×16m融合影像的清晰度最好,信息量也多,比较适合研究区域冬小麦田块分布特征。(2)16m×16m融合影像提取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和比值植被指数(RVI)值明显高于2m×2m和8m×8m融合影像,说明16m×16m融合影像光谱信息量较丰富,有利于冬小麦的识别。(3)冬小麦叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量和地上部生物量是影响赤霉病发生的主要长势指标。基于主要长势指标构建冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,平方根误差(REMS)为10.5%,相对误差为14.6%。该方法可以实现对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化的有效监测。     

琯溪蜜柚品质综合评价及优质高产的营养诊断

通过对302个代表性蜜柚果园的品质成分和叶片营养状况进行系统分析,探讨琯溪蜜柚果实品质评价中的主要影响因子以及对不同区域和土壤类型果园的果实品质进行综合评价,确定高产优质果树叶片养分元素适宜含量,并采用诊断施肥综合法（DRIS）对蜜柚果园进行了营养诊断研究。结果表明：经因子分析,提取出3个特征根>1的公因子,累积贡献率为69.7%,第1公因子中起主要作用的指标是固酸比、可溶性固形物和总糖,方差贡献率为36.8%;第2公因子中起主要作用的指标是粒化率和开裂瓣数,方差贡献率为20.3%;第3公因子中起主要作用的指标是单果重和可滴定酸,方差贡献率为12.7%;东半县的果实品质综合评价得分要优于西半县,山地红壤的果实品质综合得分要优于水稻土;琯溪蜜柚优质高产生产的叶片元素含量的适宜范围分别为：N 2.15%~2.80%,P 0.12%~0.17%,K 1.25%~1.85%,Ca 2.10%~4.25%,Mg 0.25%~0.55%,S 0.25%~0.40%,Mn 20~145 mg/kg,Zn 25~50 mg/kg,B 35~135 mg/kg;通过DRIS营养诊断表明,东半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是B、Mg和Ca,东半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Mg、N和P,西半县山地红壤果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、Ca和Mg,西半县水稻土果园最缺乏的元素是Zn、K和S。因此,为满足人们对果实品质的更高要求,亟需根据新的营养诊断标准和区域的差异性调整施肥策略,实现琯溪蜜柚果实产量和品质的协同提高,促进琯溪蜜柚产业的可持续发展。     

基于光谱参数估算滴灌小麦干物质氮肥偏生产力和农学效率

为了解应用遥感技术估测滴灌小麦氮肥利用效率的可行性,以新春17号、新春6号和新春22号为材料,通过大田试验,分析了不同施氮处理下小麦干物质氮肥偏生产力(RDN)和干物质氮肥农学效率(DMA En)与光谱参数的相关关系,并建立小麦RDN和DMAEn的光谱参数估算模型.结果表明,在分蘖、抽穗和开花期RDN与绿度植被指数和比值植被指数呈极显著正相关,在拔节和抽穗期DMAEn与土壤调整比值植被指数和归一化差值植被指数呈显著正相关.光谱参数估算模型的均方根误差为7.64～33.31,说明利用光谱参数可以有效地估算小麦氮肥利用效率.     

锥齿轮齿顶修缘技术研究及应用

针对现有锥齿轮齿顶修缘人工打磨方法效率低、一致性差以及专用机床柔性差、调整困难等问题,研究一套锥齿轮齿顶修缘技术,对现有加工中心进行改造,设计合理的刀具、夹具,制定合理的工艺参数,选择典型的锥齿轮零件进行齿顶修缘工艺试验,将修缘误差控制在0.3mm内。该技术具有新颖性、创造性和实用性的特点,具有推广应用价值。     

基于MRE-PointNet+AE的绿萝叶片外形参数估测算法

为了准确、高效、自动获取植物叶片外形参数,提出一种基于多分辨率编码点云深度学习网络(MRE-PointNet)和自编码器模型的绿萝叶片外形参数估测算法.使用Kinect V2相机以垂直姿态获取绿萝叶片点云数据,采用直通滤波、分割、点云精简算法对数据进行预处理,通过测定的叶片外形参数反演绿萝叶片几何模型,并计算几何模型的...     

羧甲基纤维素钠对壤砂土水分运动及水力参数的影响

科学使用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)实现保水控盐对于滨海壤砂盐碱土改良具有重要意义,而明晰CMC对滨海壤砂土水分运动规律的影响是科学使用CMC的重要基础。为研究施加CMC滨海壤砂土水分运动规律,本文通过开展一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验,探索不同CMC施量(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6 g?kg-1) 对壤砂土入渗特性、水分分布和土壤水力参数的影响。结果表明,施用CMC土壤的最终累积入渗量增加了4.90％～15.17％、达到预设湿润锋深度的入渗时间增加了61.90%～604.73%;Philip入渗模型参数吸渗率S和Green-Ampt模型参数KsSf均随CMC施量的增加而减少,吸渗率S和平均土壤水扩散率与CMC施量之间的数学关系分别可用二次多项式和指数函数来表示;CMC增强了土壤的持水能力,土壤剖面含水量提高了0.72%～3.74%;CMC通过改变土壤结构影响了土壤水力参数,滞留含水率θr、饱和含水率θs及进气吸力倒数α均与CMC施量呈正相关关系,而与饱和导水率Ks和形状系数n呈反比关系。通过对变异系数CV的分析发现,CMC对饱和导水率Ks和进气吸力倒数α影响表现为中等差异,对滞留含水率θr、饱和含水率θs和形状系数n表现为弱差异。研究结果揭示了CMC对滨海壤砂土减渗保水的内在机理,为滨海盐碱地的改良提供了理论参考。     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.     

基于EDEM的猪粪接触参数标定

为准确快速获得畜禽粪便的接触参数,该研究通过物理堆积试验与仿真方法对猪粪接触参数进行了标定。测定了不同含水率下猪粪的堆积角,建立了含水率与堆积角的回归方程;基于Hertz-Mindlin with JKR球体粘结模型,进行了离散元仿真模拟;采用筛选试验设计(Plackett-BurmanDesign,P-BD)对10个初始参数进行了筛选,发现JKR(Johnso-Kendall-Roberts)表面能、颗粒间滚动摩擦系数、颗粒间碰撞恢复系数对猪粪堆积角影响显著;并根据响应曲面试验设计(Box-BehnkenDesign,B-BD)建立了堆积角与显著性参数的二阶回归模型,得到了3个显著性参数值分别为JKR表面能0.03J/m~2、颗粒间滚动摩擦系数0.27、颗粒间碰撞恢复系数0.54;将仿真所得堆积角与物理试验值进行对比验证,相对误差为4.27%。结果表明,该研究提出的标定方法能准确模拟物理堆积试验,可为畜禽粪便接触参数的标定提供参考。