EFFICIENCY CHANGE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE U.S. CATFISH-PROCESSING SECTOR, 1986 TO 2005

Productivity growth of the catfish-processing sector in the United States was measured over the time period of 1986 through 2005. The analysis evaluated the efficiency with which products are produced by catfish processing plants. The Malmquist index is employed to decompose the total factor productivity into growth associated with technical efficiency change and technological progress. The relationship between Farrell's measure of technical efficiency and the Shepard's distance function provides the theoretical foundation for estimating the Malmquist production index using data envelopment analysis. The results indicate that, between 1986 and 2005, there was no technical progress or adoption of new techniques with significant impact on catfish processing. Technical efficiency change, which is associated with input use efficiency, varied with type of fish size processed. It decreased from 1985 to 1995 as the industry struggled to establish the most efficient fish size to process. Between 1995 and 2005 the fluctuation continued but at a higher mean. Productivity growth and long-term competitiveness are likely to result from adoption of new processing innovations by the catfish-processing sector.     

超级稻农业技术推广到位效率分析

 【目的】从投入产出角度分析超级稻种植过程中各生产环节的技术推广到位效率。【方法】通过对超级稻种植环节的分解,确立农业技术推广到位效率的关键指标,借助于超效率DEA方法对获取的第一手田间数据进行分析处理。【结果】超级稻示范户水稻生产效率都有效,非示范户的生产效率平均仅有80%;3个时间偏差指标对产量的总影响占15%;通过松弛变量分析,对于非有效指标的离差程度进行了分析和定量说明。【结论】超级稻推广环节的到位情况对超级稻的产量和效率有重要影响,研究充分说明农业技术推广的效率在种植管理中不仅影响到产量,也影响到种植成本。     

我国各省区现代农业发展效率的比较分析——基于超效率DEA及malmquist模型的实证分析

本文基于数据包络分析法的多个模型对我国各地区现代农业发展绩效情况进行评价。从决策单元有效性、规模效益、投入要素的冗余量、现代农业发展类型和动态面板的绩效评价等五个角度分别对我国各地区现代农业发展状况进行深入的比较分析,并提出对策和建议。     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的江苏省农业生产效率评价

为全面了解江苏区域农业发展情况,正确认识农业发展现状。选取2005—2014年江苏统计年鉴面板数据,采用DEA模型和Malmquist指数法对江苏省农业生产效率进行分析评价。结果表明:江苏省农业生产效率整体处于较高水平,农业全要素生产率每年均提高的主要原因是技术进步;同时,江苏各区域的农业全要素生产率从高到低依次为苏南、苏北和苏中,其中,苏南地区优势明显,苏中与苏北地区的差距较小。     

我国主要牧区牧业生产效率及影响因素研究——基于DEA-CLAD的两阶段模型

为了解我国牧区牧业生产增长潜力,利用标准化的220个主要牧区牧场数据构建DEA模型和Tobit、CLAD模型,对牧业生产效率及政府培训、合作社、土地流转、气候带、经营方式等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:1)我国牧区牧业生产技术效率和规模效率总体偏低,提升空间大,在不同气候带和经营模式下分布差异显著;2)经条件矩检验和LM统计量检验发现,传统Tobit模型扰动项的正态性和同方差性假设在一般情况下难以满足,选用CLAD模型分析影响因素更稳健;3)参加政府培训与合作社,优化从业人员年龄结构,提升从业人员学历、专业化程度、远行距离,有助于生产效率的提高。     

Dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal blood typing and cross‐matching by gel column technique

Background: Testing for canine blood types other than dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 (DEA 1.1) is controversial and complicated by reagent availability and methodology. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to use available gel column technology to develop an extended blood‐typing method using polyclonal reagents for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal and to assess the use of gel columns for cross‐matching. Methods: Dogs (43–75) were typed for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. Methods included tube agglutination (Tube) using polyclonal reagents, a commercially available DEA 1.1 gel column test kit (Standard‐Gel) using monoclonal reagent, and multiple gel columns (Extended‐Gel) using polyclonal reagents. Blood from 10 recipient and 15 donor dogs was typed as described above and cross‐matched using the gel column technique. Results: Of 43 dogs typed for DEA 1.1, 23, 25, and 20 dogs were positive using Standard‐Gel, Extended‐Gel, and Tube, respectively. Typing for DEA 1.2 was not achievable with Extended‐Gel. For 75 dogs typed for DEA 3, 4, and 7, concordance of Extended‐Gel with Tube was 94.7%, 100%, and 84%, respectively. Dal, determined only by Extended‐Gel, was positive for all dogs. Post‐transfusion major cross‐matches were incompatible in 10 of 14 pairings, but none were associated with demonstrable blood type incompatibilities. Conclusions: Gel column methodology can be adapted for use with polyclonal reagents for detecting DEA 1.1, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. Agglutination reactions are similar between Extended‐Gel and Tube, but are more easily interpreted with Extended‐Gel. When using gel columns for cross‐matching, incompatible blood cross‐matches can be detected following sensitization by transfusion, although in this study incompatibilities associated with any tested DEA or Dal antigens were not found.     

中国农业上市公司的经营效率分析

农业上市公司代表着中国农业产业组织的经营水平,农业上市整体的经营效率水平对我国农业的发展有着重要的作用。笔者应用DEA数据包络分析方法,基于2009年中国A股24家农业上市公司的财务数据,选取7个财务指标为评价指标,对中国农业上市公司2009年的经营效率进行综合评价。研究表明中国农业上市公司的总体效率欠佳,总体规模相偏小,经营效率不高 ,可增长空间较大。其管理者还应扩大规模,增加产出,优化资源的配置。     

基于DEA模型的湖南省财政支农支出效率评价

准确评价财政支农支出的效率,有助于了解财政支农支出的实际效果,发现财政支农资金管理和使用中存在的问题,进而采取相应措施提升财政支农支出绩效。以2008-2013年湖南省14个市(州)财政支农支出面板数据为样本,运用DEA模型分析全省和市(州)层面财政支农支出的效率,探讨各地区提升财政支农支出效率的有效途径。结果表明,湖南省财政支农支出效率整体较高,6年综合技术效率均值都在0.8以上,且逐年略有提升。从市(州)层面看区域间差异较大,综合技术效率最高值与最低值之间相差0.637,且大部分地区纯技术效率较高而规模效率较低,这在湘中和湘东部分经济相对发达的地区尤为突出,需要在维持现有支出规模的基础上调整支出结构和整合支农资金;还有部分经济相对落后的湘中和湘西地区财政支农纯技术效率和规模效率都不高,规模报酬均呈现递增趋势,这些地区既需加强资金管理,更需加大财政支农规模,以提升综合效率水平。     

基于SBM模型的我国省际能源环境效率研究

将SBM模型与四阶段DEA方法结合,研究了我国30个省市地区2004~2012年间省际全要素能源环境效率,同时考察了地区投入与产出松弛量,并对其影响因素进行了深入分析。研究发现：环境约束的影响明显,科学评价能源环境效率必须把环境污染引入全要素能效测度之中;随着时间发展,各省间的效率存在优者愈优、劣者愈劣的两级分化趋势.对松弛量的Tobit回归结果显示：GDP是改善能源环境效率的有利因素,外商直接投资、产业结构以及能源消费结构是其不利因素,技术改进和环境治理对提高效率无显著影响;外部因素差异对能源环境效率有显著地影响,剔除外部因素差异的影响,将使效率能得到有效改善.     

基于DEA交叉评价的中国省际能源效率研究

从传统DEA模型出发,考虑环境污染产出,基于 2005-2010年中国省际面板数据,引入不同的交叉评价模型对中国各省份的能源效率进行了研究.研究结果表明,中国能源效率整体水平偏低,各省份能源效率存在显著差异,大体呈现出东部省份能源效率高,西部省份能源效率低的格局.此外,“十一五”规划期间我国能源效率大体呈上升趋势,但东西部地区能源效率差距有扩大的趋势.