台湾竹家庭栽培技术

着重介绍了台湾竹的形态特征和生活习性以及几种不同的台湾竹的繁殖方法,如分株繁殖、播种繁殖、扦插繁殖,提供了家庭种植台湾竹的基本技术。     

植被调控红壤坡面土壤侵蚀机理

采用人工模拟降雨方法,研究坡度10°,15°和雨强60,120,180mm/h条件下,盖度为0,33%,67%和88%的香附子对南方红壤坡面的减沙效应及其水动力学机理。研究结果表明:香附子在红壤坡面具有良好的减沙作用,盖度为33%的香附子平均能够减少72%的土壤侵蚀;随着植被盖度的增加,土壤侵蚀量减少,减沙率增大。雨强越大,红壤坡面的植被减沙率越大。相同盖度植被的减沙率在15°坡面较在10°坡面小。香附子能够降低坡面流的流速和弗劳德数,增大达西—韦斯巴赫阻力系数。植被盖度越大,流速越小,弗劳德数越小,达西—韦斯巴赫阻力系数越大,盖度为88%的坡面的达西—韦斯巴赫阻力系数约是裸坡的7倍。坡面流流速可以通过水流能坡的0.5次幂、单宽流量0.33次幂的乘积来拟合,拟合方程的系数能够反映植被对坡面粗糙度的影响。坡面的达西—韦斯巴赫阻力系数随着植被盖度呈指数函数显著增加。植被盖度越大,土壤的抗冲性越强,植被盖度为88%的坡面的土壤临界剪切力约是裸坡的2.5倍。     

Spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and paddy weeds treated with a sulfonylurea herbicide

All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emissions from organisms as a novel tool to investigate the physiological states of plants. In this study, we found ultraweak photon emissions from leaf segments of rice and several paddy weed species treated with a sulfonylurea herbicide. There is a definite difference in photon emissions among plant species, and rice (Oryza sativa), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Cyperus serotinus showed extremely strong enhancement of photon emissions. Photon emissions from these three species treated with sulfonylurea herbicide were suppressed when the leaf segments were treated with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide and malathion. These results suggest that P450 inhibitors affect the ultraweak photon emissions from plants.     

微波辅助提取香附精油的条件优化研究

进行了微波辅助提取香附精油的研究。应用单因素试验和正交试验,考察了提取剂类型、微波功率、微波辐射时间、液料质量比、液料湿度和物料粒度对提取效果的影响,得到了微波辅助提取香附精油的最佳条件:以环己烷为溶剂,物料粒度0.28 mm,微波功率450 W,提取两次,每次90 s,每次用液料质量比为6∶1。提取液进行真空浓缩至不再有溶剂蒸出,得精油粗产品。往精油粗产品中加入乙醇溶解,放入-15℃冰箱中冷冻48 h,离心分离去除树脂状物质,过滤,滤液进行真空浓缩后,即得香附精油,产率约1.24%,纯度97.3%。     

鲫圆形碘泡虫病组织病理学研究

采用常规石蜡切片、苏木精-伊红染色的方法,研究了鲫（ Carassius auratus auratus ）自然感染圆形碘泡虫（Myxobolus rotundus）后的组织病理变化。结果表明,感染圆形碘泡虫后,在鲫的头部、鳃和体表能形成大小不一的圆形或椭圆形乳白色孢囊,其孢囊为典型的3层结构：外层的结缔组织、双层质膜的外质以及各个发育阶段的孢子或营养体组成的内质。病理切片可见鱼体各组织器官均有不同程度的病变,主要表现为鳃丝粘连、肿胀增生;肝脏发生以肝血窦为中心的透明、空泡变性;肾小管内皮脱落,肾小球萎缩;肠道粘膜层脱落,肌层细胞肿胀病变;脾脏的含铁血黄素增多等异常现象。     

油莎豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定与评价

油莎豆（Cyperus esculeutus L.）是一种新型生态经济型作物,开展油莎豆种质资源抗旱筛选与评价可为选育适沙抗旱新品种提供依据。本研究通过室内盆栽试验,测定39份油莎豆种质在正常灌溉和自然干旱胁迫条件下的17个表型和生理指标。采用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数及聚类分析相结合的方法,对油莎豆苗期抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫对油莎豆的叶宽、叶厚和根长具有显著影响（P＜0.05）,对株高、分蘖数、地上干重、地下干重和总干重具有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,不同种质材料间的变异系数介于0.148~0.584。5个主成分可以代表原17个指标74.174%的数据量。叶宽、枯叶率、根长、鲜重、干重、根冠比可以作为抗旱评价主要指标。聚类分析可将39份油莎豆种质由强到弱分为4个等级,1~4级分别含有2、10、16、11份种质。抗旱性度量值可作为油莎豆抗旱评价的适宜指标,基于此筛选出苗期抗旱性强的油莎豆种质资源为JYD-39、JYD-34和JYD-28。     

樟树叶部害虫圆率管蓟马在上海首次发现

在上海发现危害樟树Cinnamomum camphora叶片的1种新害虫,经鉴定为圆率管蓟马Litotetothrips rotundus(Moulton,1928)(缨翅目Thysanoptera:管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae)。该虫此前国内仅记录于江西、香港和台湾,属上海新纪录种。笔者详细描述了雌成虫的形态特征,简要描述了雄成虫和若虫的形态特征及其为害状,并提出野外监测、区分特点等建议。     

Evaluation of a technical revegetation action performed on foredunes at Devesa de la Albufera,Valencia, Spain

We have evaluated the level of restoration achieved by a technical revegetation action carried out on reconstructed foredunes at the Devesa de la Albufera and compared this level with that achieved by spontaneous succession. Foredunes 1, 3, 6 and 20 y old since revegetated (1, 3, 6 and 20 y, respectively) were considered as spatially separated stages representing a successional trend in the development of the restored plant community. Lower and similar levels of diversity (richness and H´ and Pielou´s indexes) and coverage, respectively, were found on dunes corresponding to the oldest stage of technical revegetation compared with that of the reference site. Diversity and coverage parameters increased during the first 6 y of the technical succession and decreased after 20 y of revegetation. Moreover, that increase was quite obvious as early as 3 y after the onset of revegetation. Results also showed that the Devesa de la Albufera has its own capacity for revegetation. According to the Jaccard and Sørensen indexes, these dunes were more similar to the reference than those from the 20 y old site. Beyond the current functionality of the revegetated sites, it is concluded that the natural and aesthetic values may be restored at the Valencian Devesa de la Albufera. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

In light of the traditional claim of Cyperus rotundus in the treatment of diabetes, investigations were carried out to evaluate its effect on alloxan induced hyperglycemia in rats. Oral daily administration of 500 mg/kg of the extract (once a day for seven consecutive days) significantly lowered the blood glucose levels. This antihyperglycemic activity can be attributed to its antioxidant activity as it showed the strong DPPH radical scavenging action in vitro.