巨型艾美耳球虫偏菱形样蛋白EmRP免疫原性分析

在前期研究中,从巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)cDNA文库中筛选到了免疫保护性抗原偏菱形样蛋白EmRP,本研究为揭示该抗原的免疫保护机理,进一步检测了其免疫原性。以E.maxima卵囊cDNA为模板,用RT-PCR技术扩增EmRP,并构建真核表达质粒pVAX1-EmRP,将其经腿部肌肉注射2周龄的雏鸡,3周龄加强免疫。分别于首次免疫后和加强免疫后1周,采集血清,用ELISA方法检测血清特异性IgG水平,用荧光定量PCR方法(qPCR)检测细胞因子水平,用流式细胞术检测CD4^+T淋巴细胞和CD8^+T淋巴细胞的比例,分析EmRP诱导的免疫反应。序列分析表明,EmRP含有偏菱形样蛋白超家族成员保守区域,为非跨膜蛋白,分子量约为28.4 kD。真核表达质粒pVAX1-EmRP免疫鸡后,与对照组相比,鸡体IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10和IL-17等细胞因子转录水平显著提升;CD8^+和CD4^+ T细胞比例显著提高,而血清特异性IgG水平与对照组差异不显著。结果表明,EmRP诱导的免疫保护作用主要是由其诱导的细胞免疫反应实现的,可以作为研制E.maxima新型疫苗的候选抗原。     

长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌的抑制作用

为探明长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌的作用机理,采用对峙培养、显微观察、孢子萌发、室内防效测定等方法研究其抑制能力和防治效果。结果表明：长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌具有较强的抑制作用,对峙培养7 d时,长枝木霉T6菌株对该病菌的抑制率为60.09%;显微形态观察表明：长枝木霉T6菌株菌丝与美洲南瓜枯萎病菌菌丝发生缠绕;长枝木霉T6菌株发酵液对美洲南瓜枯萎病菌分生孢子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率为31.00%;长枝木霉T6菌株对美洲南瓜枯萎病具有较好的防治效果,室内盆栽防效为69.06%。     

Pectin purified from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a natural hatching agent for fish embryos

Pectin is a biodegradable polysaccharide, and it has been recently applied as a gene delivery, drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering agent. In this study, pectin was extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel and characterized. The extraction recovery of pectin form pomelo peel was 14.5%, and it had 72.56% degree of esterification, 1,245.56 equivalent weight, 7.82% methoxyl and 68.27% anhydrouronic acid contents. Use of pomelo pectin as a hatching enhancing agent for fish embryos and its effect on hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) was investigated. The pectin‐exposed zebrafish embryos (100 µg/ml) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hatching rate (96.6%) compared with untreated (control) embryos (66.6%) at 60 hpf. The mRNA expression of ZHE1 was also significantly (p < .05) elevated up to 55.6‐fold in pectin‐exposed embryos at 24 hpf. In situ hybridization results revealed remarkably strong expression of ZHE1 in pectin‐exposed embryos compared with the control group. In addition, considerably larger size of the hatching gland was observed in pectin‐exposed larvae than that of the unexposed larvae group. These results clearly indicate that pectin isolated from pomelo peel has an ability to enhance the hatching process of zebrafish embryos via upregulation of ZHE1.     

Thermal preference and tolerance of green abalone Haliotis fulgens (Philippi, 1845) and pink abalone Haliotis corrugata (Gray, 1828)

The thermoregulatory behaviour of green abalone Haliotis fulgens and pink abalone H. corrugata was investigated. Haliotis fulgens juveniles ranging in wet weight from 3.0 to 3.3 g and from 28.7 to 30.5 mm shell length and of H. corrugata 2.0 g and 25.7 mm in shell length were exposed to 19°C for 30 days in a flow‐through water system. Temperature preference was determined in a horizontal thermal gradient and was found to be 25.4°C for green abalone and 25.0°C for pink abalone. Displacement velocity was 4.3 cm h⁻¹ for H. fulgens and 12.8 cm h⁻¹ for H. corrugata. The optimum temperature for growth calculated for both abalone species was 24.6 and 24.5°C respectively. The critical thermal maxima (CTMax) of H. fulgens and H. corrugata were determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalones were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 1°C on 30 min until they detached from the substrate. The CTMax at 50% were 33.6 and 32.0°C for green and pink abalone respectively. The results are discussed in relation to site selection and commercial rearing.     

大珠母贝人工苗水泥池中间培育技术的初步研究

为了解决大珠母贝幼贝海区养殖大规模死亡问题,开展了贝苗水池中间培育技术研究。本实验共用3批人工繁殖的2～3mm贝苗,经6个月的水泥池（335m^2）养殖,平均壳长分别增长至35．8mm、27．7mm、23．4mm,平均壳高分别增长至30．1mm、24．9mm、20．1mm,成活率分别为29．5％、17．4％、17．9％。该试验表明,大珠母贝种苗池塘中间培育生长速度快,成活率高,有望克服海区养殖大规模死亡问题。     

不同种植密度对砍瓜产量的影响

进行了露地砍瓜栽培不同种植密度对砍瓜产量的影响试验。试验结果表明,采用1．5m×2m及1m×2m两种种植密度进行对比,1．5m×2m处理的产量、抗病性、产品外观和经济效益均比1m×2m处理有明显优势,其产量差异达显著水平,每1hm。增产18390kg,增产率达18．4％。综合衡量1．5m×2m种植密度为最佳的种植方式。     

低温弱光对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响

以西葫芦品种早青一代为试材,研究了不同低温弱光组合及低温弱光持续时间对西葫芦幼苗渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:可溶性蛋白质含量随低温弱光逆境程度加剧和持续时间延长持续减少;在15℃/5℃以上,弱光处理渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量增加,但增加幅度随着弱光逆境加剧和持续时间延长而减弱;但在15℃/5℃下,弱光逆境导致游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量先增加后降低。     

世界南瓜生产现状及其种群多样性特征

本文介绍了世界南瓜生产的现状及其种群多样性特征，并对南瓜多样性功效的开发利用进行了分析。     

组培条件下中国南瓜杂交种耐盐材料的筛选

在组培条件下以69份中国南瓜(Cucurbita moschataDuch.)杂交种和4份商品种为试验材料,研究中国南瓜杂交种的耐盐状况,确定筛选耐盐材料的适当NaCl浓度。结果表明,中国南瓜杂交种在不同NaCl浓度处理下存在明显的耐盐性差异,69份杂交种在120mmol/L NaCl浓度处理下的盐胁迫指数介于29.94～100之间,呈正态分布,有6份杂交种表现出较高的耐盐性,其中360-3×112-2杂交种最耐盐。认为在组培条件下采用120mmol/LNaCl浓度处理中国南瓜幼苗是一种有效筛选耐盐材料的方法。     

西葫芦花粉生活力测定方法及最佳授粉时间的研究

研究了西葫芦新鲜花粉的生活力测定方法、离体培养条件、短期贮藏方法以及不同时间的花粉生活力强度。结果显示:TTC染色法的测定值与离体培养法的测定结果相近且差异不显著,是一种快捷、准确测定西葫芦花粉生活力的染色方法。培养基15%蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸+300mg/LCa(NO3)2.4H2O+200mg/L MgSO4.7H2O+100mg/L KNO3,适宜西葫芦花粉离体萌发,花粉离体萌发率最高,为60.602%,0℃黑暗干燥或4℃黑暗干燥贮藏花粉,生活力保持最好,均在70.000%以上,且散粉情况较好;人工授粉最好在上午10:00之前完成,最佳授粉时间为6:00-8:00,此时种子的结实率最高。