Effect of enzymatic and technological treatments on solubilisation of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the most abundant brewing by-product, has hidden and underexploited nutritional potential. In order to valorize BSG, the effects of three commercial xylanases and a peptidase on water unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX) were studied. Comparing all treatments, higher addition of xylanase resulted in an increase in water extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX). In the most efficient treatment, xylanase alone was able to solubilise 23.7% of WUAX, while the peptidase showed no effect. However, when added together with xylanase, peptidase increased the solubilisation of WUAX up to 1.6 folds. A positive correlation between particle size reduction and solubilisation of WUAX was also proved through milling BSG. These results suggest that access to xylan backbone increases with proteolytic activities, proving a synergistic effect of these specific enzymes. Therefore, if properly treated before being added as ingredient, BSG could add health functionalities to foodstuff while reducing the environmental impact of brewing industries.     

资本资产定价模型(CAPM)在企业价值评估中的应用

全面分析了资本资产定价模型(CAPM)在评估领域中应用的可行性,并对该模型中的系数无风险报酬率、风险溢价、企业风险程度β系数等的测算形式进行实证分析,提出适合我国评估方法应用的解决方案。     

抚育间伐对马尾松生物生产力的影响

对20年生马尾松人工林生物量的研究表明,全林生物量38.42吨/公顷,间伐后年生产量6.49吨/公顷林木根量5.73吨/公顷,相对生长率19.0％,净同化率0.253公斤/米~2·年,生产力水平偏低。林分抚育间伐后,林木的生物生产力得到提高。建立了林木各器官干重与直径树高的8个相关方程,相关系数均在0.92以上。通过叶面积及其生长函数分析,林分密度过高,生长速率降低,建议及时合理地调节林分密度。     

微生态复合菌制剂在对虾养殖中的应用研究

以芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为主体菌,并辅以放线菌组成的微生态复合菌制剂用于对虾养殖中,探讨了它们对养殖水体理化因子、生物因子和对虾生长的影响。模拟试验结果表明,投加微生态复合菌制剂后,试验池6dCODCr去除率高达84.7%;迅速矿化有机氮,有效加强硝化-反硝化作用,控制NH4-N在一定水平,NO2-N去除率高达81.5%;pH稳定在8.0～8.3之间,DO保持在5mg·L-1的较高水平。虾池长期监测结果表明,试验池水质各项指标均优于对照池;无任何大规模虾病发生;未出现“耍食”现象。试验池比对照池增产近1倍,成本降低近80%。     

基于YOLOv5s-ESTC的肉苁蓉检测

为了解决因梭梭和红柳等宿主遮挡、样本分布密集、样本大小不均衡等造成人工种植肉苁蓉检测精度低以及模型参数量过大难以向嵌入式设备移植等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的人工种植肉苁蓉轻量化检测方法。首先,将YOLOv5s的主干网络替换为EfficientNetv2网络,以减少模型参数量和计算复杂度进而实现模型轻量化,便于后期将模型向嵌入式设备部署;其次,为了增强模型对小目标肉苁蓉特征信息的提取能力,将C3模块与Swin Transformer Block进行整合,得到C3STR模块,将其引入主干网络,并将其输出的特征图与Neck网络中的特征图进行融合;最后,在检测头前端与颈项加强网络之间添加CA注意力机制,以弱化背景信息、聚焦目标特征,提高网络检测性能。试验结果表明,该模型对于肉苁蓉的检测精度和准确率分别为89.8%和92.3%,模型的参数量和计算量分别为5.69×10⁶ MB和6.8 GB,权重文件大小为11.9 MB,单幅图像推理时间为8.9 ms,能够实现实时性检测。同其他主流模型相比,改进后的模型的检测精度分别比SSD、Faster R-CNN、YO...     

改进YOLOv5s对病理学图像中猪只小肠绒毛的检测

为解决传统小肠绒毛需要专业人员手动检测耗时耗力且存在主观性和不稳定性等问题,同时提高在复杂病理学图像中小肠绒毛检测的准确率和效率,该研究提出基于改进YOLOv5s检测复杂病理学图像下猪只小肠绒毛的方法。首先,采用串联形式的混合池化对空间金字塔进行优化,增强特征提取与特征表达,提升检测精度;然后引入一种基于注意力机制的网络模块(simpleattentionmechanism,SimAM)与Bottleneck中的残差连接相结合,使用SimAM对Bottleneck中的特征图进行加权,得到加权后的特征表示,利用注意力机制加强模型对目标的感知。试验结果表明,该研究算法的平均精度（average precision）和每秒传输帧数（frame per second,FPS）达到92.43%和40帧/s。改进后的YOLOv5s在召回率和平均精度上相较改进前提高2.49和4.62个百分点,在不增加模型参数量的情况下,每帧图片的推理时间缩短1.04 ms。与经典的目标检测算法SSD、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv6s、YOLOX相比,平均精度分别提高15.16、10.56、2.03和4.07...     

Generations in captivity increases behavioral variance: considerations for captive breeding and reintroduction programs

Long-term maintenance of captive populations followed by release of captive animals into the wild is one of many approaches to endangered species conservation. To assess captivity's effects on behavior, a simulated predator was presented and response behaviors measured in oldfield mice, Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus. The animals tested were from four populations collected from Ocala National Forest, Florida, and held in captivity for varying numbers of generations: 35, 14, 2, and 0 (wild caught). Results show (1) that the more generations a population has been in captivity, the less likely an individual is to take cover after seeing a predator and (2) variance in predator-response behaviors increases with generations in captivity. These results point to two ways in which captivity can compromise animal behavior and, in turn, the success of reintroduction programs. First, because individuals from populations that have been in captivity for multiple generations seek refuge less often than their wild counterparts, they might experience increased mortality in the wild due to predation. Second, increased behavioral variance could translate into decreased survivorship upon reintroduction. Therefore, more individuals will need to be released to reach the targeted wild population size.     

Conus regius-Derived Conotoxins: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities from a Marine Organism

Conus regius is a marine venomous mollusk of the Conus genus that captures its prey by injecting a rich cocktail of bioactive disulfide bond rich peptides called conotoxins. These peptides selectively target a broad range of ion channels, membrane receptors, transporters, and enzymes, making them valuable pharmacological tools and potential drug leads. C. regius-derived conotoxins are particularly attractive due to their marked potency and selectivity against specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes, whose signalling is involved in pain, cognitive disorders, drug addiction, and cancer. However, the species-specific differences in sensitivity and the low stability and bioavailability of these conotoxins limit their clinical development as novel therapeutic agents for these disorders. Here, we give an overview of the main pharmacological features of the C. regius-derived conotoxins described so far, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying their potential therapeutic effects. Additionally, we describe adoptable chemical engineering solutions to improve their pharmacological properties for future potential clinical translation.     

种公鸡体形外貌及精液品质性状的聚类分析

本研究对种公鸡的体形外貌及精液品质共14个性状，用统计分析软件SPSS(Ver．11．0)进行了聚类分析，结果表明：在SPSS提供的聚类分析方法中，沃特氏(Ward’s method)聚类分析法把这些性状分为5类，能较全面反映性状实际情况。这一结果为种公鸡的体形外貌、精液品质的选育提供了科学依据。