印度南瓜延伸因子基因CmEF1a的克隆与分析

真核生物延伸因子(EF1a)是一种重要的内参基因,广泛应用于RT-qPCR中。为获得印度南瓜EF1a基因,开发合适的荧光定量PCR引物,本研究通过转录组测序和RT-PCR方法获得了1条长度为1 701 bp的cDNA,命名为CmEF1a,GeneBank登录号:MH310443。结果表明,CmEF1a包含1个ORF,大小为1 344 bp,编码447个氨基酸,理论分子大小约为49.30 kD, 蛋白质等电点为9.14。Wolf Psort分析发现, CmEF1a蛋白亚细胞定位于细胞质基质中;Motif Scan分析显示, CmEF1a蛋白质的氨基酸序列2~432位和322~430位分别为EF1结构域和EF1的C端保守结构域。同源性分析表明, CmEF1a基因编码的蛋白质与同为葫芦科的中国南瓜、甜瓜和黄瓜同源蛋白的相似性达到99%,具有高度的保守性。在此基础上设计了1对RT-qPCR引物, 该引物具有较高的特异性和扩增效率, 在印度南瓜不同组织和不同胁迫处理下均能稳定表达, 适合作为内参基因应用于印度南瓜基因表达研究。本研究结果为印度南瓜重要功能基因的表达分析及相关分子调控机制的研究奠定了一定的理论基础。     

羊梭菌病快速鉴别PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank已公布的产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌的α毒素基因序列,分别设计并合成针对2种α毒素基因的特异性引物,通过扩增条件的优化,建立快速鉴别产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌的双重PCR方法。特异性试验显示,产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期目的条带,而大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌则均未能扩增出相应条带。灵敏度试验结果显示,产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌基因组DNA最低检测量分别为17.95pg/μL和1.261pg/μL。应用该方法对样品进行检测,其中5份为产气荚膜梭菌阳性。成功建立了特异性强、敏感性高的双重PCR方法,可以有效进行产气荚膜梭菌和腐败梭菌的快速鉴别,对羊梭菌病病原快速鉴定及流行病学调查具有重要意义。     

鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子-猪干扰素α1融合基因在大肠埃希菌中的可溶性表达及其生物学活性研究

为可溶性表达重组鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(ChGM-CSF)与猪干扰素α1(PoIFNα1)融合蛋白,并研究其生物学活性,本研究分别提取鸡、猪肝脏细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1基因,经linker连接上述两种基因后将其克隆于pET-32a原核表达载体,转化E.coliBL21(DE3)菌株进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和western blot检测融合蛋白表达产物。在ST细胞/VSV病毒测定系统以细胞病变抑制法滴定该融合蛋白的抗病毒活性;同时用MTT法检测其对鸡淋巴细胞增殖活性的促进作用。结果显示,PCR扩增并融合后的ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1融合基因约为1000bp,构建重组表达载体后,诱导表达的rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1融合蛋白分子量约55ku,主要存在于破碎菌体的上清中,表达量较高。Westernblot检测结果显示,该融合蛋白分别能够与ChGM-CSF多抗和PoIFNα单克隆抗体特异性结合,其抗病毒比活性约为1.1×10^6IU/mg,并且具有促进鸡淋巴细胞增殖的活性。本研究为rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1重组融合蛋白的研制及其相关活性的测定提供实验依据。     

ATP合成相关基因在小麦BNS不育系育性转换中的差异表达

为了探讨ATP合酶α亚基和腺嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶(APRT)与温敏雄性不育系BNS育性的联系,利用荧光实时定量PCR方法,在花药发育的4个重要时期(四分体期、单核期、二核期和三核期),定量检测ATP合酶α亚基和APRT相关基因在不育及可育条件下花药中的mRNA表达水平。不育条件下,ATP合酶α亚基基因从四分体到二核期表达量持续下降,与可育株相比在单核期表达量显著下降;APRT1在4个时期的表达量低于其在相应可育条件下的表达量,而APRT2基因在BNS不育和可育条件下维持较低的表达水平。APRT相关基因表达量在三核期均有较显著提高,且可育条件下比不育条件下提高更明显。因此认为,ATP合酶α亚基基因与BNS育性转换密切正相关,APRT基因在三核期转录水平的变化与BNS育性转换有一定关系。     

Pharmacokinetics of detomidine and its metabolites following intravenous and intramuscular administration in horses

Reasons for performing study: Detomidine is commonly used i.v. for sedation and analgesia in horses, but the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of this drug have not been well described. Objectives: To describe the pharmacokinetics of detomidine and its metabolites, 3‐hydroxy‐detomidine (OH‐detomidine) and detomidine 3‐carboxylic acid (COOH‐detomidine), after i.v. and i.m. administration of a single dose to horses. Methods: Eight horses were used in a balanced crossover design study. In Phase 1, 4 horses received a single dose of i.v. detomidine, administered 30 μg/kg bwt and 4 a single dose i.m. 30 üg/kg bwt. In Phase 2, treatments were reversed. Plasma detomidine, OH‐detomidine and COOH‐detomidine were measured at predetermined time points using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Results: Following i.v. administration, detomidine was distributed rapidly and eliminated with a half‐life (t_1/2(el)) of approximately 30 min. Following i.m. administration, detomidine was distributed and eliminated with t_1/2(el) of approximately one hour. Following, i.v. administration, detomidine clearance had a mean, median and range of 12.41, 11.66 and 10.10–18.37 ml/min/kg bwt, respectively. Detomidine had a volume of distribution with the mean, median and range for i.v. administration of 470, 478 and 215–687 ml/kg bwt, respectively. OH‐detomidine was detected sooner than COOH‐detomidine; however, COOH‐detomidine had a much greater area under the curve. Conclusions and potential relevance: These pharmacokinetic parameters provide information necessary for determination of peak plasma concentrations and clearance of detomidine in mature horses. The results suggest that, when a longer duration of plasma concentration is warranted, the i.m. route should be considered.     

Effects of microplastic polystyrene, simulated acid rain and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Trifolium repens growth and soil microbial community composition

Microplastic pollution is a global and ubiquitous environmental problem in the oceans as well as in the terrestrial environment. We examined the fate of microplastic polystyrene (MPS) beads in experimental soil in the presence and absence of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and simulated acid rain (SAR) to determine whether the combinations of these three factors altered the growth of white clover Trifolium repens. We found that MPS, SAR, or AMF added singly to soil did not alter T. repens growth or yields. In contrast, MPS and AMF together significantly reduced shoot biomass, while SAR and MPS together significantly reduced soil available phosphorus independent of AMF presence. Microplastic polystyrene, AMF, and SAR together significantly reduced soil NO^-₃-N. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi added singly also enriched the beneficial soil bacteria (genus Solirubrobacter), while MPS combined with AMF significantly enriched the potential plant pathogenic fungus Spiromastix. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MPS increased the abundance of soil hydrocarbon degraders independent of the presence of SAR. In addition, the abundance of soil nitrate reducers was increased by MPS, especially in the presence of AMF and SAR. Moreover, SAR alone increased the abundance of soil pathogens within the fungal community including antibiotic producers. These findings indicate that the coexistence of MPS, SAR, and AMF may exacerbate the adverse effects of MPS on soil and plant health.     

不同品种猪PPARγ和C/EBPα基因表达规律与肌内脂肪含量的相关

【目的】研究PPARγ和C/EBPα基因在猪不同组织、月龄和品种中mRNA的表达规律,结合屠宰试验分析PPARγ和C/EBPα mRNA表达水平对肌内脂肪沉积的影响。【方法】选取3—7月龄的江口萝卜猪、从江香猪和大白猪为试验材料,提取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠、背最长肌和皮下脂肪的总RNA,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测PPARγ和C/EBPα基因在3个品种不同月龄各组织中mRNA的相对表达量,同时测定背最长肌中的肌内脂肪含量。【结果】PPARγ、C/EBPα在大白猪3-7月龄各组织中均有表达,其中肝、小肠、背最长肌、皮下脂肪的表达水平较高,心、脾、肺、肾的表达水平较低。其中PPARγ在小肠、背最长肌、皮下脂肪中3、4月龄分别与6、7月龄的表达量差异极显著(P0.01),C/EBPα在肝、肺、小肠、皮下脂肪中3月龄与6、7月龄均差异极显著(P0.01);PPARγ、C/EBPα在江口萝卜猪心、脾、肺、肾、背最长肌的表达量最低,在皮下脂肪中最高,具有组织特异性。其表达量随月龄递增而上升,皮下脂肪的增加幅度最大。其中PPARγ在小肠、背最长肌、皮下脂肪中3、4月龄与6、7月龄的表达量差异极显著(P0.01)。C/EBPα在小肠、皮下脂肪中3月龄与5、6、7月龄的表达量均差异极显著(P0.01);PPARγ、C/EBPα在从江香猪心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠、背最长肌的表达量较低,在皮下脂肪的表达量最高,PPARγ的表达量随月龄增加而上升的幅度较小,C/EBPα的表达量在各组织中的表达量随时间增加而上升。其在小肠、皮下脂肪、背最长肌中3、4月龄与6、7月龄的表达量差异极显著(P0.01);PPARγ和C/EBPα基因在各组织均有表达,组织间的表达量存在差异,其中在肝、小肠、皮下脂肪中为高丰度表达。随着月龄的增加,PPARγ和C/EBPα基因mRNA的表达模式基本相同,总体呈现上升趋势,6、7月龄的表达水平较高,即随着月龄的增加而逐渐上升,到生长后期维持一个相对稳定水平。总体上皮下脂肪的表达量最高,其次肝、肺、小肠、背最长肌中较高,心、脾、肾中的表达量最低;不同品种间PPARγ、C/EBPα在相同月龄各组织中的表达量存在差异,总体上大白猪中肝、小肠、皮下脂肪中PPARγ和C/EBPα mRNA的表达量分别与江口萝卜猪、从江香猪差异显著;肌内脂肪含量随着月龄的增加持续上升,不同品种间肌内脂肪含量存在差异,其中江口萝卜猪和从江香猪较高。不同品种猪PPARγ和C/EBPα基因的表达量与肌内脂肪含量的相关性分析表明,不同时期基因的表达量与肌内脂肪含量呈不同程度正相关。【结论】猪PPARγ和C/EBPα基因在不同组织、时期和品种中的表达差异可能与脂质代谢和脂肪沉积有关。     

重组酵母鸡α干扰素的诱导表达及其抗MDV、NDV能力

【目的】获得鸡α干扰素重组酵母菌诱导表达的最佳诱导时间和甲醇的体积分数,并测定诱导表达产物对鸡马立克氏病毒(MDV)和鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)的抑制能力。【方法】挑取2个鸡α干扰素重组酵母菌单菌落至BMGY培养基中培养,待菌液OD600为4左右时,分别转接至BMMY培养液诱导,1瓶每隔12 h补加1次体积分数0.5%甲醇,另1瓶每隔12 h补加1次体积分数1%甲醇,于24,48,72 h收集样品,备SDS-PAGE检测用。根据不同时间(24,48,72,96 h)诱导上清液表达量的差异,留用表达量最高时段的上清液,经初步纯化后,利用鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),分别测定重组酵母鸡α干扰素抑制MDV及NDV的能力。【结果】鸡α干扰素重组酵母菌在每隔12 h补加1次体积分数1%甲醇诱导48 h时,或每隔12 h补加1次体积分数0.5%甲醇诱导72 h时,重组酵母鸡α干扰素表达量均达到最高;且诱导上清液具有较好地抑制MDV、NDV的能力。【结论】获得了鸡α干扰素重组酵母菌小量发酵的最佳条件;获得的重组酵母鸡α干扰素对MDV和NDV有明显的抑制作用。     

Effects of HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis on hypoxia-induced migration and adhesion of progenitor cells

AIM: To observe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) of SD rats and to investigate the role of HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis on hypoxia-induced migration and adhesion of progenitor cells to PAECs. METHODS: Immunomagnetic beads were used to separate and purify the CD34⁺/CXCR4⁺ progenitor cells derived from the peripheral circulation of SD rats. The expression of HIF-1α and SDF-1 in PAECs exposed to hypoxia (1% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 94% N₂) was detected by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and ELISA. The migration index and adhesion rate were measured in the progenitor cells, which were subjected to the following different treatments: (1) normoxia (21% O₂); (2) hypoxia 12 h; (3) hypoxia 12 h +HIF-1α inhibitor (2ME2); (4) hypoxia 12 h+SDF-1 neutralizing antibody; (5) hypoxia 12 h+2ME2+SDF-1 neutralizing antibody.RESULTS: The expression of HIF-1α and SDF-1 in PAECs was effectively induced by the hypoxic exposure, and both of them reached the peak levels after 12 h of hypoxic treatment (P<0.01), while administration of 2ME2 decreased the hypoxia-induced SDF-1 expression (P<0.05). Treatment of the PAECs with 2ME2 or SDF-1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the migration index and adhesion rate of progenitor cells to the PAECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis in hypoxia-exposed PAECs, which may play a crucial role in the migration and adhesion of progenitor cells to PAECs.