猪α干扰素重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

猪的病毒性疾病种类多且危害大,因此研发具有广谱抗病毒作用的猪α干扰素制剂具有重大意义.为了研制重组猪干扰素类制剂防制猪病毒性传染病,构建了携带猪IFN-α基因的重组腺病毒.应用PCR方法从猪肝组织基因组中扩增得到猪IFN-α基因后,直接克隆入腺病毒载体穿梭质粒中,构建出腺病毒重组穿梭质粒pAd-CMV-IFN-α,经Pme Ⅰ线性化后转化BJ5183感受态细胞,获得同源重组腺病毒质粒,Pac Ⅰ酶切后回收,脂质体介导下转染AD-293细胞,PCR检测表明成功构建了携带猪IFN-α基因的复制缺陷性重组腺病毒.     

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Upregulate SIRT1/3, Activate PGC-1α via Deacetylation,and Induce Nrf1 Production in 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Model

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney injury related with cardiovascular disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) protects renal tubular cells by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK)-mediated phosphorylation and sirtuin 1/3 (SIRT1/3)-mediated deacetylation are required for PGC-1α activation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) regulate the expression of mediators of mitochondrial biogenesis in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following groups: sham control, Nx, and Nx treated with omega-3 FA. The expression of PGC-1α, phosphorylated PGC-1α (pPGC-1α), acetylated PGC-1α, and factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis was examined through Western blot analysis. Compared to the control group, the expression of PGC-1α, pAMPK, SIRT1/3, Nrf1, mTOR, and Nrf2 was significantly downregulated, and that of Keap 1, acetylated PGC-1α, and FoxO1/3, was significantly upregulated in the Nx group. These changes in protein expression were rescued in the omega-3 FA group. However, the expression of pPGC-1α was similar among the three groups. Omega-3 FAs may involve mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating Nrf1 and Nrf2. This protective mechanism might be attributed to the increased expression and deacetylation of PGC-1α, which was triggered by SIRT1/3.     

Local and regional macroinvertebrate diversity in the wetlands of a cleared agricultural landscape in south‐western Victoria,Australia

• 1. Seasonal pasture wetlands are a common freshwater habitat in many agricultural landscapes, but their invertebrate diversity has rarely been examined compared with other freshwater habitats. Few studies have examined the role of seasonal wetlands for regional biodiversity or the pattern of change in assemblage composition across landscapes.
• 2. Invertebrates were sampled from 16 naturally occurring seasonal wetlands and three perennial wetlands in south‐western Victoria, Australia. The wetlands were arranged in three clusters, separated by at least 20 km: two clusters each contained one perennial and four seasonal wetlands surrounded by pasture; the remaining cluster consisted of one perennial wetland and four seasonal wetlands on a property that has not been cleared of native vegetation, and four adjacent seasonal pasture wetlands cleared of native vegetation.
• 3. Presence/absence data showed that seasonal wetlands had fewer taxa than perennial wetlands, but both were taxon rich. Turnover of taxa was high at all three scales, i.e. between samples within a wetland, between wetlands, and between wetland clusters, but each cluster did not have a characteristic assemblage composition. Up to two‐thirds of the invertebrate taxa found in perennial wetlands were also found in seasonal wetlands, showing that seasonal pasture wetlands could provide an expanded area of winter–spring habitat for many taxa.
• 4. Seasonal pasture wetlands contribute to biodiversity in highly managed and depauperate agricultural landscapes. There was little regionalization of the fauna, taxon turnover was high and ranges appeared relatively continuous. Biodiversity in pasture wetlands was comparable to perennial non‐pasture wetlands elsewhere, despite being used for grazing livestock. This suggests that pasture wetlands may have substantial conservation value and should be managed to protect them from threatening processes such as drainage.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

α地中海贫血产前羊水基因诊断

目的：研究聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术在α地中海贫血产前诊断中的应用价值。方法：用跨越断裂点聚合酶链反应(gap—PCR)技术，对7对双方均为α地中海贫血1基因杂合子的夫妻的胎儿进行产前羊水基因诊断，PCR扩增产物中只有1052bp片断为正常胎儿，只出现740bp片断的为α地中海贫血1基因纯合子，出现1052bp和740bp两个片断的为。地中海贫血1基因杂合子。结果：7例胎儿中1例为正常胎儿(αα／αα)，2例为杂合子(--／αα)，4例为纯合子（--／--)(该4例均由B超检查发现胎儿水肿，后经基因诊断)。结论：用gap—PCR技术行产前羊水基因检测能快速、准确诊断α地中海贫血。     

牛角地黄汤对α-溶血素诱导红细胞溶血的抑制作用研究

[目的]牛角地黄汤是中国传统医学中用于清热解毒凉血化瘀的基础方剂,由水牛角、地黄、赤芍、丹皮、钩藤等主要成分组成。本研究旨在研究分析牛角地黄汤及方剂中主要成分对金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素诱导兔红细胞溶血作用的影响。[方法]将牛角地黄汤水煎剂及其各单味中药的水煎剂分别与金黄色葡萄球菌溶血毒素作用不同时间后检测溶血活性。[结果]研究发现,无论与溶血素同时给药或是在溶血素染毒之前给药,亦或是与溶血素预先单独作用一段时间后再给药,牛角地黄汤煎剂均能抑制α-溶血素致兔红细胞破裂的溶血作用。同时还发现,方剂中的赤芍和丹皮水煎液对溶血素破坏兔红细胞致溶血的活性抑制作用最为明显,是牛角地黄汤中起主要抗溶血作用的中药组分。而牛角和地黄的水煎液在各试验条件下均未表现出抑制溶血素溶血的作用。[结论]本研究表明,牛角地黄汤具有显著的对抗溶血素诱导红细胞溶血的作用,方中起主要作用的成分是赤芍和丹皮,钩藤的这种作用则比较弱,而牛角和地黄则不是牛角地黄汤中抗溶血作用的主要成分。     

Effects of pre‐operative administration of medetomidine on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with insulinoma

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of medetomidine on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in dogs with insulinoma and in healthy dogs undergoing anesthesia and surgery.AnimalsTwenty–five dogs with insulinoma and 26 healthy dogs.MethodsIn dogs with insulinoma, medetomidine (5 μg kg^?1) was randomly included (n = 12) or omitted (n = 13) from the pre–anesthetic medication protocol, which typically contained an opioid and an anticholinergic. Healthy dogs received medetomidine (5 μg kg^?1; n = 13) or acepromazine (0.04 mg kg^?1; n = 13) plus an opioid (morphine 0.5 mg kg^?1) and an anticholinergic (atropine 0.04 mg kg^?1) as pre–anesthetic medications. Pre–anesthetic medications were given intramuscularly. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured before (sample 1) and 30 minutes after pre–anesthetic medication (sample 2), and at the end of surgery in dogs with insulinoma or at 2 hours of anesthesia in healthy dogs (sample 3). Glucose requirement to maintain intra–operative normoglycemia in dogs with insulinoma was quantified and compared. Data were analyzed with anova and Bonferroni post–test, t–tests or chi–square tests as appropriate with p < 0.05 considered significant. Data are shown as mean ± SD.ResultsMedetomidine significantly decreased plasma insulin concentrations and increased plasma glucose concentrations in healthy dogs and those with insulinoma. These variables did not change significantly in the dogs not receiving medetomidine. In the dogs with insulinoma, intra–operative glucose administration rate was significantly less in the animals that received medetomidine compared to those that did not.ConclusionsPre–anesthetic administration of medetomidine significantly suppressed insulin secretion and increased plasma glucose concentration in dogs with insulinoma and in healthy dogs undergoing anesthesia and surgery.Clinical relevanceThese findings support the judicious use of medetomidine at low doses as an adjunct to the anesthetic management of dogs with insulinoma.     

Effect of MK‐467 on organ blood flow parameters detected by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in dogs treated with dexmedetomidine

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dexmedetomidine‐induced reduction in organ blood flow with quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) method and to observe the influence of MK‐467 on such reduction.Study designRandomized cross‐over study.AnimalsSix adult purpose‐bred laboratory beagle dogs (mean body weight 15.3 ± 1.9 kg).MethodsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound was performed on six conscious healthy laboratory beagles. The animals on separate occasions underwent three treatments: awake without any medication (CTRL), dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg^?1 (DEX) and DEX + MK‐467 500 μg kg^?1 (DMK) intravenously (IV). The kidney (10–15 minutes post‐treatment), spleen (25–30 minutes post‐treatment), small intestine (40–45 minutes post‐treatment) and liver (50–55 minutes post‐treatment) were examined with CEUS. A time curve was generated and the following perfusion parameters were analysed: arrival time (AT), time to peak from injection (TTPinj), peak intensity (PI) and wash‐in rate (Wi). In addition to CEUS, renal glomerular filtration rate was indirectly estimated by the rate of iohexol elimination.ResultsAT and TTPinj were significantly higher for DEX than for CTRL in all studied organs. The same parameters were significantly higher for DEX than for DMK in the kidney, spleen and small intestine. PI was significantly lower for DEX than for CTRL or DMK in the kidney. Wi was significantly lower for DEX than for CTRL or DMK in the kidney and significantly lower than for CTRL only in the small intestine. Plasma concentration of iohexol was significantly higher after DEX than CTRL administration.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound was effective in detecting DEX‐induced changes in blood flow. MK‐467 attenuated these changes.Clinical relevanceClinicians should consider the effects of the sedation protocol when performing CEUS. Addition of MK‐467 might beneficially impact the haemodynamic function of sedation with alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists.     

家蚕整合素基因Bmintegrin αPS3的鉴定及亚细胞定位

【目的】克隆家蚕整合素基因Bmintegrin αPS3,分析其mRNA表达及亚细胞定位特征,并进行原核表达及蛋白纯化,为进一步探究Bmintegrin αPS3在家蚕中的功能奠定基础。【方法】利用RACE方法克隆获得Bmintegrin αPS3的cDNA全长序列;采用RT-PCR方法检测Bmintegrin αPS3的时空表达;在原核表达系统中表达获得Bmintegrin αPS3重组蛋白;并构建Bmintegrin αPS3真核表达载体,转染家蚕胚胎细胞系分析其蛋白亚细胞定位。【结果】家蚕整合素基因Bmintegrin αPS3 编码框全长为2 895 bp,编码965个氨基酸,含有整合素家族蛋白典型的integrin alpha结构域,预测其为跨膜蛋白。构建了Bmintegrin αPS3的原核表达系统,并利用亲和层析纯化获得高纯度的Bmintegrin αPS3原核表达蛋白,为进一步制备抗体获得足够的抗原。在家蚕细胞系中外源表达Bmintegrin αPS3蛋白,显示其主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜中。另外,RT-PCR结果显示Bmintegrin αPS3 mRNA 在血细胞中为特异持续表达。【结论】获得了Bmintegrin αPS3的完整cDNA序列及表达特征,经原核表达、纯化获得其融合蛋白,在细胞水平上初步分析了其亚细胞定位情况。     

ChIFN-α基因在烟草中的表达及转基因烟草对TMV的抗性

动物α干扰素具有高效广谱的抗病毒作用,通过农杆菌介导法将35S驱动的干扰素基因ChIFN-α转化烟草,Southern杂交和Western杂交进行目的基因的转化、表达检测,重组蛋白的数量通过ELISA测定,对获得的转基因烟草植株进行TMV接种实验,结果表明ChIFN-α基因的转化赋予了转基因烟草对TMV的抗性,进一步的荧光定量PCR差异表达检测结果表明,该抗性可能与转基因烟草体内防卫基因PR-la、抗病N基因和信号转导MAPK基因受到上调表达有关。