水牛抑制素α亚基基因的克隆与原核表达

采用RT-PCR方法从水牛卵巢总RNA中扩增抑制素α亚基基因,并克隆入pMD18-T载体,进行PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定.序列分析结果表明:水牛抑制素α亚基基因编码序列长为1 083 bp,编码360个氨基酸,与牛、人、猪抑制素α亚基基因CDS成熟蛋白氨基酸的同源性分别为96%、80%、87%,表明抑制素α亚基是一组在进化上高度保守的蛋白质.将水牛抑制素α亚基基因CDS克隆到pET-30a表达载体中,转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)进行原核表达.在1 mmol/L IPTG 中,37 ℃诱导表达4 h后抑制素α亚基基因重组蛋白可成功获得表达.将表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,分子质量约为40 ku.     

siRNA干扰Notch1诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 研究Notch1在肝癌组织及细胞中的表达并初步探讨Notch1下调后诱导肝癌细胞调亡的机制。方法 2016年3月至2016年9月于广东医科大学附属医院肝胆外科收集32例肝癌病人样本,利用qRT-PCR方法检测肝癌癌组织及癌旁组织中Notch1基因的表达,免疫组化检测组织中Notch1蛋白表达,siRNA沉默肝癌细胞Notch1表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot方法检测Notch1、Bcl2和Bax蛋白表达,统计分析Notch1表达水平与肝癌病人临床诊断指标甲胎蛋白（AFP）的相关性。结果 肝癌组织标本中Notch1高表达率为71.9%（23/32）,明显高于癌旁组织的28.1%（9/32）,差异具有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）;Pearson相关性分析显示,Notch1与AFP存在正相关性（R²=0.3376,P=0.0036）;免疫组化验证Notch1蛋白分别在肝癌癌组织样本中高表达和癌旁组织中低表达;siRNA干扰Notch1基因表达后,镜下发现肝癌细胞4401增殖抑制,流式检测示转染组明显凋亡,蛋白免疫印迹显示凋亡相关蛋白Bcl2蛋白下调、Bax表达上调。结论 Notch1与肝癌的发生、发展相关,下调Notch1可诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,同时Notch1还可作为临床治疗肝癌的潜在新靶点。     

Effects of alpha‐lipoic acid supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters for ammonia‐exposed broilers

In order to estimate the effect of alpha‐lipoic acid (LA) supplementation on relieving ammonia stress of broilers, 180 22‐day‐old male broilers were assigned to three groups, six replicates in each group and 10 birds per replicate. The three groups were: (1) a control group without ammonia stress; (2) exposure to 70 ppm atmospheric ammonia (AM); (3) exposure to 70 ppm atmospheric ammonia and administration of 300 mg/kg LA (AM + LA). The experimental period was 3 weeks. Results showed that average daily weight gain was increased and feed conversion ratio was decreased in the AM + LA group, compared with the AM group (P < 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum, and glutathione content in liver were higher in the AM + LA group than that in the AM group (P < 0.05); however, serum malondialdehyde content was decreased by LA addition (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were reduced and albumin level was increased by LA addition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LA addition could relieve ammonia stress to restore broiler production performance to normal levels.     

重组猪α-干扰素喷干粉剂的制备及其效果评价

为制备一种高活性、低价格重组猪α-干扰素（PoIFN-α）,采用喷雾干燥技术制备出重组猪α-干扰素（rPoIFN-α）喷干粉剂,并通过对rPoIFN-α喷干粉剂的稳定性,安全性,治疗效果等质量标准进行综合评价。结果显示,本试验制备的重组猪α-干扰素喷干粉剂质量稳定性,有效期暂定为两年;除10倍剂量rPoIFN-α喷干粉剂导致猪肝脏轻微脂肪样病变,其余各较低剂量rPoIFN-α喷干粉剂对猪无毒副作用;人工感染和临床应用试验表明rPoIFN-α喷干粉剂对猪腹泻具有显著的治疗效果。以上试验结果为PoIFN-α喷干粉剂的工程化生产及其在养猪业中的应用打下了基础。     

Dietary Houttuynia cordata leaf extract and meal enhances the immunity and expression of immune genes in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

A feeding trial was conducted to explore the effect of dietary Houttuynia cordata leaf extract (HCLE) and leaf meal (HCLM) on immunological responses and expression of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) gene in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six isonitrogenous (350 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ/kg DE) purified experimental diets were formulated with Houttuynia cordata leaf extract and leaf meal comprising control, C (0 g/kg HCLE and HCLM), E2.5 (2.5 g/kg HCLE), E5 (5 g/kg HCLE), E10 (10 g/kg HCLE), M10 (10 g/kg HCLM) and M20 (20 g/kg HCLM). Labeo rohita fingerlings (3.37 ± 0.23 g) were distributed in six experimental groups in triplicates following the complete random distribution. Fish were fed twice daily with respective experimental diets for a period of 60 days. A significantly (p < .05) lower lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were registered in supplemented groups compared with control group, while respiratory burst and lysozyme activities were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group compared with other experimental groups. Haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit values were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group. The expression of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in both the kidney and liver was significantly up‐regulated in leaf extract and meal supplemented groups with the highest expression in the fish of E10 group. Overall, these results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ethanolic extract of the Houttuynia cordata leaf at 10 g/kg level can enhance the immune response of L. rohita fingerlings.     

IGF-Ⅰ对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞合成乳脂、乳蛋白的影响

分离培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,添加不同质量浓度的IGF-Ⅰ（insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ）（0,10,100,200μg/L）刺激24h后,提取细胞总RNA,用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测β-酪蛋白（CSN2）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α（ACA-CA）基因的转录水平变化。结果显示,IGF-Ⅰ能够显著促进CSN2和ACACA基因的转录,并且具有浓度依赖性。结果表明,IGF-Ⅰ可作为信号分子调节乳腺的泌乳功能。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

A landscape-level assessment of understory diversity in upland forests of North-Central Wisconsin,USA

The study measured landscape level diversity of the understory plants of mature, upland forests in north-central Wisconsin USA. Habitat types were used to segregate the landscape along a moisture-nutrient gradient. Forty sites that had closed canopies, had been undisturbed for at least 20 years, and were at least 8 ha in size were used. The percent cover of groundlayer species was ocularly estimated in 12–18 randomly located, one meter square plots in June and August, 1995. Shrub cover was estimated by the line intercept method. Alpha, beta and gamma diversity were determined for early and late summer periods separately. Gamma diversity was quantified using a new method, affinity analysis, which generates a list of modal and outlier sites and calculates mosaic diversity, a measure of landscape complexity. Generally, communities in the middle of the moisture-nutrient gradient were modal, whereas those at the mesic end of the gradient were outlier. Mosaic diversity values were very similar for early summer and late summer (2.88±0.04, 2.95±0.03, respectively), but was much higher for both periods combined (3.95±0.07). Whittaker's Index (beta diversity) revealed varying rates of species turnover along presumed moisture and nutrient gradients, whereas species densities and richness were relatively constant among habitat types. A one-way analysis of variance of Shannon-Weaver values found no significant differences among habitat types (p0.05). Regional diversity mainly resulted from high beta values which appears to be primarily a function of the moisture gradient. The other factors influencing compositional differences among sites are variation in site history, especially disturbance, with niche partitioning and differences in seed dispersal capacity having a minor influence. The affinity analysis method indicated that sampling once per season is inadequate, and that many types of sites are modal. This method for estimating gamma (landscape) diversity shows considerable promise, but information on the processes that produce outlier sites is needed to fully understand and use the results of this method.     

不同来源β-酪蛋白基因启动子调控人IFNα-2b基因的表达效率

【目的】为获得高启动效率的乳腺特异启动子,对荷斯坦奶牛、娟姗牛和奶水牛的β-酪蛋白基因启动子进行比较研究。【方法】对Genbank中所收录的荷斯坦奶牛、娟姗牛和水牛β-酪蛋白基因启动子序列进行比对分析,按照保守序列分别设计启动子区和3′端ploy A序列引物,同时设计人IFNα-2b基因和EGFP-Neo筛选序列引物并引入预先设计的酶切位点以方便载体构建。采集静脉血液,提取基因组DNA。PCR克隆β-酪蛋白基因启动子区和3′端ploy A区,同时以实验室保存质粒为模板克隆人IFNα-2b基因和EGFP-Neo筛选序列。测序正确后,将各片段按设计顺序依次插入p MD18-T骨架中,构建成p HSTBCNp-IFN,p JSBCNp-IFN和p SNBCNp-IFN乳腺特异表达载体。将各载体转染Bcap-37细胞,经G418筛选出稳定整合的转基因细胞系。用胰岛素(1 mg·L-1),转铁蛋白因子(1 mg·L-1),氢化可的松(1 mg·L-1)和PRL(250IU·L-1)联合对转基因细胞系进行诱导,然后用PCR、Western blotting、QRT-PCR技术和ELISA方法分别在m RNA水平和蛋白质水平检测IFNα-2b的表达。【结果】PCR后获得了荷斯坦奶牛、娟姗牛和水牛β-酪蛋白基因启动子区,长度分别为5 219、5 244和5 216 bp,其中包括了第一外显子,第一内含子和部分第二外显子,部分第二外显子的51个碱基编码17个氨基酸的信号肽序列。克隆了1 166 bp的ploy A区序列。最终将构建的3个乳腺特异表达载体转染Bcap-37细胞并经过G418筛选后,获得了3个转基因细胞系。经激素诱导后,PCR、Western blotting、QRT-PCR和ELISA检测发现3个转基因细胞系都表达了IFNα-2b基因,并且发现娟姗牛β-酪蛋白基因启动子在调控IFNα-2b基因的表达上效率较高,在m RNA水平和蛋白质水平上显著高于其他两个启动子(P0.05)。【结论】娟姗牛β-酪蛋白基因启动子在调控外源基因表达上具有较高的效率,是具有应用前景的乳腺特异性启动子。所构建的表达载体为IFNα-2b转基因动物乳腺生物反应器的制备奠定基础。