黄瓜AFLP反应体系的优化

对影响AFLP(Amplified fragment length polymorphism)扩增的关键因素进行了摸索,以期获得清晰稳定的黄瓜AFLP反应体系。结果发现,最佳的预扩增体系为:20反应体系中包含0.5 UTaqDNA poly-merase、2.0μL dNTP(2 mmol/L)、1.2μL 25 mmol/L Mg2 、0.6μL 50 ng/μL每种引物、1×PCR Buffer和4μL模板DNA;最优的选择性扩增体系为20μL反应体系中含有1.0 UTaqDNA polymerase、2.0μL dNTP(2 mmol/L)、1.0μL 25 mmol/L Mg2 、1.0μL 50 ng/μL每种引物、3.0μL稀释40倍的预扩增产物和1×PCR Buffer。体系优化后,扩增产物稳定,条带十分清晰,无背景干扰。     

黄瓜CSHSP70基因内含子结构分析

 【目的】探明黄瓜CSHSP70基因的内含子数目及其结构特点。【方法】根据黄瓜CSHSP70基因cDNA序列设计引物，应用PCR技术从gDNA中克隆CSHSP70基因，采用RT-PCR技术验证内含子的存在。【结果】经测序与拼接，得到长度为4 056 bp的黄瓜CSHSP70基因，它包含7个内含子。经分析发现这些内含子富含A•T，具有类似启动子和HSE核心结构的序列存在。对黄瓜、甜瓜和丝瓜CSHSP70基因部分序列的比较分析表明，该基因在这3个葫芦科作物中具有很强的保守性。【结论】内含子存在的特殊结构表明其可能对该基因表达具有调控作用。     

三个萝卜主产区软腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

为有效防治萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)软腐病,提高萝卜产量和质量,从江苏徐州、浙江萧山和湖北利川3个萝卜主产区分别采集萝卜软腐病病样并进行病原菌的分离鉴定及致病力测定。通过结合菌落形态、生理生化指标测定和16S r DNA基因序列分析,确定3株病原菌属于胡萝卜果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium carotovorum)的2个亚种,其中2株为Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.brasiliense,另1株为Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum。致病力测定分析表明,3株病原菌的致病力存在显著差异,随温度的升高均呈现出增强的趋势。     

不同稳定剂对胭脂萝卜红色素稳定性的影响

天然胭脂萝卜红色素属于花青素类化合物,性质不稳定。笔者以新鲜胭脂萝卜(Raphnussativuscv.)肉质根为原料,提取胭脂萝卜红色素,选择常用的5种稳定剂对其稳定性进行研究,从而确定出最佳的稳定剂及其用量。研究结果发现0.03%维生素C、0.03%谷氨酸、0.03%柠檬酸能明显地延缓其颜色变化,0.03%维生素C 0.03%柠檬酸的组合对该色素的稳定效果最佳;进一步研究确定维生素C和柠檬酸的最佳用量分别为0.04%和0.08%。     

氮磷钾配比对西红花光合作用及叶绿素荧光的影响

【目的】研究西红花光系统PSⅡ对不同氮磷钾配比的响应和适应机制。【方法】以20~25 g/球的西红花为试验材料,施用氮（N）磷（P）钾（K）配比分别为30-10-10（T1）、20-20-15（T2）和10-30-20（T3）3种水溶肥,分别测定不同处理西红花叶片长度、叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数,分析不同氮磷钾配比对西红花光合作用及叶绿素荧光的影响。【结果】T1和T2处理可以促进西红花叶片生长和叶绿素积累,缓解叶片衰老变黄,整体效果显著优于T3处理。与T1、T2处理相比,T3处理西红花叶片光合结构受损,导致P_n、Gs、Tr降低,Ci增加,显著抑制了PSⅡ性能指数（PI_abs）,降低了叶片PSⅡ活性反应中心单位面积吸收的光能（ABS/CS_m）、单位面积电子传递的能量通量（ET_o/CS_m）和单位面积捕获的用于还原Q_A的能量（TR_o/CS_m）,增加了单位面积耗散能量（DI_o/CS_m）,引起原初光化学反应最大量子产率（φ_Po）、电子传递的量子效率（φ_Eo）、PSⅠ受体侧末端电子受体还原的量子效率（φ_Ro）降低,导致PSⅡ反应中心实际光能捕获效率降低,叶片生长势减弱且提前衰老变黄。【结论】高氮型水溶肥（N-P-K为30-10-10）有利于促进西红花高效生长,提高西红花光合作用和光能捕获效率。     

绿肥山黧豆在四川的生产与应用现状

山黧豆作为豆科作物,营养丰富、适应性强、生物产量高、分布广泛,是不可多得的肥、饲、粮作物,具有较好的经济社会生态效益。在新形势下,农业产业结构不断调整,绿肥作为有机肥源作用日益突出。本文就四川省绿肥山黧豆发展历程、高产栽培和利用技术、生产应用模式、应用前景进行总结,以期应用于现代农业生产中,对进一步加快四川省生态文明建设和助力乡村振兴有着积极意义,对有机农产品生产提供技术支撑。     

黄瓜发根农杆菌高效菌株的筛选

［目的］为简便鉴定发根农杆菌菌株,比较其转化活力大小,筛选出高效转化黄瓜的发根农杆菌菌株。［方法］通过测定菌液生长曲线和进行各种生理生化试验,来初步鉴定供试农杆菌菌株和比较其生长活力;用供试农杆菌菌株对黄瓜子叶进行转化试验,以确定其是否为发根农杆菌并比较转化活力;用PCR方法对各供试农杆菌菌株进行分子鉴定。［结果］初步鉴定R1000、1.2556、11325、15834及R1025均为农杆菌,其转化活力从大到小依次为R1000（88.24％）、1.2556（52.08％）、15834（48.44％）、11325（36.17％）、R1025（33.33％）;PCR结果可知,R1000、1.2556、11325、15834及R1025均含有发根农杆菌rolB基因。[结论］R1000为高效转化黄瓜的发根农杆菌菌株。     

Phytotoxicity of Cadmium in Radish and Its Effects on Growth,Yield, and Cadmium Uptake

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth, biomass yield, and Cd uptake in three radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India, during 2008–2009. Plants were subjected to different Cd levels by application of cadmium nitrate [Cd (NO₃)₂] at the rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cd kg^?1 soil. Length and fresh and dry biomass yields of shoots and roots decreased because of the phytotoxic effect of Cd. Among three varieties, Japanese White Long showed the greatest sensitivity to Cd toxicity. The accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots was greatest in Japanese White Long, which had greater bioconcentration factor values. Variety Arka Nishanth recorded lower bioconcentration factor values and greater transfer coefficient values, indicating lower Cd accumulation in root tubers in this variety. Hence, variety Arka Nishanth can be preferred in Cd-contaminated soils.     

Changes induced by plastic film mulches on soil temperature and their relevance in growth and fruit yield of pickling cucumber

Purpose: The aim of this study was to realize whether soil mulching, with different plastic mulch colors, is a suitable practice for the culture of pickling cucumber.

Materials and Methods: The crop was cultured or not with black, silver/black, white/black, and aluminum/black plastic films, treatments were evaluated in randomized complete block design, to determine their effect on soil temperature, gas exchange, nutrient concentration, growth, and fruit yield.

Results and Conclusions: Black, silver/black, and aluminum/black plastic mulches were higher (p?≤?0.05) in plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight than bare soil at 15 days after sowing, whose results were similar than using white/black film. Maximum, minimum, and mean soil temperatures were higher with all plastic mulches except for aluminum/black, in which the maximum soil temperature was similar to the one in bare soil. There was no difference in net photosynthesis and there was very little difference in nutrient concentration between plants in plastic mulches and plants in bare soil; however, early and total yield showed a higher (p?≤?0.05) yield in all plastic mulches, and lower with bare soil and white/black plastic mulch. Our results confirm that soil mulching impacts the pickling cucumber yield. We suggest a carefull selection of the color plastic mulch.     

大蒜对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生物学特性的影响

利用盆栽试验研究大蒜干样还田后,对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生化特性的影响。结果表明:添加大蒜干样后,显著增加黄瓜植株的鲜重,且与添加量成正比;在黄瓜的整个生长期,增加了细菌和放线菌的数量。当结果期大蒜的添加量为3.0%时,减少了真菌和镰刀菌的数量,并提高了土壤B/F(细菌+放线菌/真菌)值,优化了土壤微生物区系;而随着黄瓜的生长,促进黄瓜幼苗期根际土壤多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、尿酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。当结果期大蒜添加量大于2.0%时,对4种土壤酶具有显著的促进作用,使土壤环境有利于黄瓜生长。