甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交产生的杂种BC2代株系抗线虫病分析

以甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交,属间杂种经染色体加倍后再与甘蓝型油菜回交,经胚胎挽救技术获得１４５株ＢＣ２代杂种,其染色体数２ｎ＝ ３８～４７．获得的ＢＣ２代杂种株中４个基因型具有高抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为０～３,繁殖系数为０～０．２;９个基因型具有抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为３．１～１０．０,繁殖系数为０．２１～１．７．具有抗线虫基因的植株占２５％ 左右．通过进一步回交,可望获得抗线虫病基因的油菜新品系．     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for powdery mildew resistance in highly resistant cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using ddRAD-seq analysis

Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ex Fr. Poll.), is one of the most economically important foliar diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber parental line ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’, developed from weedy cucumber line CS-PMR1, is highly resistant to powdery mildew and is promising breeding material. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) in a population from a cross between ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’ and the Japanese native cultivar ‘Kaga-aonaga-fushinari’, which is susceptible to powdery mildew. The resistance of the population and its parents was evaluated using leaf disc assays and image analysis. We detected one major QTL on Chr. 5 that was effective at both 20°C and 25°C and one minor QTL on Chr. 1 effective at 20°C. We detected two additional QTLs in subpopulation: one on Chr. 3 effective at 20°C and one on Chr. 5 effective at both 20°C and 25°C in a position different from the major QTL. The resistance alleles at all four QTLs were contributed by ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’. The results of this study can be used to develop practical DNA markers tightly linked to genes for powdery mildew resistance.     

萝卜抗根线虫基因导入油菜的研究

甘蓝型油菜与萝卜的属间不育杂种（ACR）经0．1％秋水仙素溶液处理杂种小苗,使杂种小苗的染色体加倍产生可育株,获得了31％可育的异源倍性植株。再用甘蓝型油菜与之回交,应用胚胎挽救技术产生了133株回交后代（BC1）的杂种株。从这些杂种株中筛选出部分抗线虫性强的杂交后代,证明通过染色体工程可以将萝卜中抗线虫的基因转移到甘蓝型油菜中。     

Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats

The current study was designed to evaluate therapeutic potential of systemically administered ethanolic and aqueous extracts of saffron as well as its bioactive ingredients, safranal and crocin, in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The von Frey filaments, acetone drop, and radiant heat test were performed to assess the degree of mechanical allodynia, thermal allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia respectively, at different time intervals, i.e., one day before surgery and 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post surgery. The ambulatory behavior was evaluated using the open field test. A 7-day treatment with the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (50,100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and safranal (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), attenuated the behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain in a dose dependent manner. Crocin even at the high dose (50 mg/kg) failed to produce any protective role. However, gabapentine (100 mg/kg) as a reference drug significantly alleviated all behavioral manifestations of neuropathic pain compared to control group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of saffron as well as safranal could be useful in treatment of different kinds of neuropathic pains and as an adjuvant to conventional medicines.     

两个新的黄瓜SnRK2基因的鉴定及特征分析

植物SnRK2基因在非生物逆境应答中具有重要功能,但有关黄瓜SnRK2基因的研究尚缺乏报道。笔者通过对黄瓜基因组的重新挖掘,发现了2个新的SnRK2基因,分别与拟南芥的SnRK2.4和SnRK2.10同源。本试验对2个新的黄瓜SnRK2基因的结构特征及顺式调控元件进行了全面分析,为进一步研究其在黄瓜逆境应答中的功能奠定了基础。     

黄瓜幼苗光合及荧光特性对弱光的响应

 以不耐弱光的‘津研2号’和较耐弱光的‘戴多星’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为试材,在人工气候室内研究其光合及荧光特性对弱光（75～85 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）的响应。结果表明,弱光处理后叶片光合色素含量、总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素比值呈增加趋势,尤其是戴多星更明显;叶绿素a/b比值呈减小趋势,且戴多星的减小幅度大于津研2号;净光合速率、水分利用效率呈下降趋势,戴多星下降幅度小于津研2号;叶片最大光化学效率、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率、光化学反应速率、光系统非环式电子传递速率、光系统Ⅱ吸收光能用于光化学反应的比例,对弱光的响应有一定差异,弱光下戴多星均有明显增加,而津研2号的增减不规律,且幅度均较小,说明弱光下戴多星对弱光的利用能力明显强于津研2号。     

常见园林植物化感作用的初步评价

以滤纸为基质初步评价了44种园林植物水浸液及最强抑制植物薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)挥发油对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)的化感作用,以土壤为基质验证了白玉兰(Magnolia denudata)的化感作用,同时分析比较了化感作用离体测试的几种常用方法。结果表明,1)薄荷、白玉兰、枫杨(Pterocarla stenoptera)的化感抑制作用最强,综合效应(SE)分别为-0.72、-0.65、-0.38;海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、国槐(Sophora japonical)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)的促进作用最强,SE值分别为0.47、0.41、0.26。2)薄荷挥发油具有极高的化感作用,在0.5 mg·mL-1浓度下,显著抑制萝卜种子的萌发(P＜0.05),极显著地抑制根和苗的生长(P＜0.01),对苗高的抑制作用强于根长。3)盆栽试验证实白玉兰确实具有较强的化感作用。4)不同测试方法间存在较大差异,且差异程度还与受体植物的选择有关。研究结果为系统研究园林植物的化感作用奠定了基础。     

辐射花粉授粉技术诱导黄瓜单倍体

辐射花粉授粉是获得单倍体的有效途径。本研究旨在探讨该途径中影响单倍体再生率的关键因素。本试验利用60Coγ对不同黄瓜材料进行不同剂量的辐射处理,系统研究了辐射剂量、花粉供体基因型、母本基因型对诱导黄瓜单倍体植株再生率的影响。结果表明:3个花粉供体基因型(5211、CC3、南抗一号)花粉经150 Gy辐射处理后,花粉供体基因型5211诱导的植株再生率、单倍体再生率均高于花粉供体基因型CC3和南抗一号。花粉供体在辐射剂量150 Gy辐射处理下较250 Gy及350 Gy更有利于诱导植株再生,再生率最高可达3.92%,单倍体再生率为1.96%。10个母本基因型中6个母本基因型没有诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的60%;4个母本基因型诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的40%,单倍体诱导率为0.26~0.54。     

黄瓜发芽期耐冷性与赖氨酸脱羧酶基因表达

 经15℃低温诱导，采用cDNA-AFLP技术从耐冷性强的黄瓜品种长春密刺中分离到一条特异片段，该片段在耐冷性弱的北京截头中不能被诱导，命名为cctr132。将cctr132回收测序并翻译为氨基酸序列，用blastx和blsatp程序在NCBI GenBank数据库中进行同源性检索和相似性比对，结果发现cctr132与水稻推测的类赖氨酸脱羧酶蛋白同源性为88.37%，相似性为100%，并且在CCTR132中检测到了赖氨酸脱羧酶家族推测的保守结构域PGGXGTXXE，说明黄瓜发芽期耐冷性与赖氨酸脱羧酶基因表达有关。     

黄瓜ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶基因克隆及表达分析

以西双版纳黄瓜为试材,从黄瓜果肉中克隆ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶(ZDS)基因的cDNA序列,命名为CsZds。获得目的片段长度为1805bp,该序列具有完整的开放阅读框,位于31~1761bp,编码576个氨基酸。序列比对分析结果显示,该蛋白在氨基端变化十分明显,中部较为保守,存在一个特征序列。系统进化分析表明,推测的CsZDS蛋白与南瓜中ZDS蛋白同源性最高,达到91.84%。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析结果显示,随着果实成熟期的延长,西双版纳黄瓜CsZds基因的表达量呈明显上升的趋势,在转色期达到最大。在果实发育过程中,西双版纳黄瓜CsZds基因的表达量高于普通黄瓜。