高校图书馆人才危机及其对策

随着信息技术的发展和人们信息需求水平的提高,高校图书馆的人才危机也发生了变化,主要体现为高校图书馆馆员有限的能力与读者日益提高的信息需求水平的矛盾。这是由于高校图书馆馆员偏低的学历层次、不合理的学科结构以及较低的工作积极性所造成的。对此,提出了诸如建立有效的交流机制、激励机制、人员流动机制以及提升馆员学历层次等办法及建议,来缓和这一矛盾。     

Mechanisation of organic fertiliser spreading,choice of fertiliser and crop residue management as solutions for maize environmental impact mitigation

The environmental impact of crop production is mainly related to fossil fuels consumption and to fertilisers application. Emissions arising from the spreading of organic and mineral fertilisers are important contributors for impact categories such as eutrophication and acidification. The choice of the fertilisers and of the spreading techniques as well as the crop residues management can deeply affect the environmental impact related to crop cultivation.In this study, seven scenarios describing fertilising schemes characterised by different organic and mineral fertilisers and by different mechanisation were compared. The aim is to evaluate, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, how the environmental performances of grain maize production were affected by these different fertilisers schemes. The study was carried out considering a cradle to farm gate perspective and 1 t grain maize was selected as functional unit. Inventory data were collected on a farm located in Po Valley (Northern Italy) during year 2013 and were processed using the composite method recommended by the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD). The compared scenarios involved organic and mineral fertiliser distribution and were: pig slurry incorporation after >3 days after spreading (BS), fast pig slurry incorporation within 2 h from spreading (AS1), direct soil injection of pig slurry (AS2), pig slurry incorporation (after >3 days) with straw collection (AS3), digestate spreading instead of pig slurry (after >3 days) (AS4), only mineral fertilisers (i.e. urea and superphosphate) distribution (AS5) and only mineral fertilisers (i.e. calcium ammonium nitrate and superphosphate) distribution (AS6).The results were not univocal, since climate and soil conditions as well as physical and chemical fertiliser characteristics differently affected the environmental load, especially for particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification and terrestrial eutrophication impact categories. AS1 and AS2 showed the most beneficial results for these impact categories (between ↙67% and ↙73% respect to worst scenario). AS6, on the opposite, showed the highest environmental impact for those impact categories mainly affected by energy and fossil fuel consumption (climate change, ozone depletion, human toxicity with carcinogenic effect, particulate matter, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity and mineral, fossil and renewable resources depletion), categories on which AS3 and AS4 were the best solutions. AS3 was the most impacting for terrestrial acidification and eutrophicationA sensitivity analysis was carried out varying grain maize yield (mostly affected: marine eutrophication) and ammonia volatilisation losses due to organic fertilisers (mainly affected: terrestrial acidification and eutrophication).The achieved results can be useful for the development of ⬓spreading rules⬽ that drive the application of organic fertilisers in agricultural areas where there is an intense livestock activity.     

新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设

介绍新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设的关键技术和系统功能。系统通过对多源、多时相、多分辨率的影像数据的统一化、标准化的组织和管理,提供在线影像浏览、查询、对比分析和影像下载等功能,实现了海量影像数据的管理与共享。     

探讨有机烟叶的生产和管理

概述了国内外有机烟叶的发展状况,并从品种筛选、基地选择、施肥、除草、病虫害防治、打顶、抹杈、调制、收购、包装、贮存和不适用烟叶处理方面探讨了有机烟叶的生产技术体系,从生产管理和质量管理2个方面探讨了有机烟叶的生产管理,并对有机烟叶的发展进行了展望。     

高校辅导员在学生管理中如何防范法律风险

辅导员是学生在校学习期间的管理者和责任人,学生在校期间发生法律纠纷都与辅导员有着间接关系。在传统的高校学生管理过程中,辅导员只是强调了自身对学生的管理权,却忽略了自身可能承担的法律风险,很容易成为法律风险的承担者。随着社会法律体制的不断发展和完善,人们对法律的理解也越来越全面,对法律责任的追究也越来越熟悉,所以在高校学生管理过程中,辅导员应该加强学生管理,提高自身的法律意识,将学生管理的法律风险降到最低。     

吉林省公益林管理地理信息系统研究

本文对公益林管理系统进行需求和可行性分析,应用Microsoft Visual C#、Java等编程语言,在个人电脑终端客户、服务器和手机上开发了公益林管理地理信息系统,该系统适用于公益林管理,工作效率高,达到了实时监管公益林森林资源的目的。     

基于MMC的RPC环流抑制策略

RPC能够对电气化铁路中产生的负序和无功进行就地综合补偿，适用于对高速铁路突出的负序和谐波问题进行综合治理，但RPC受到器件性能的限制难以增大其容量从而影响RPC未来的发展。针对这一问题，有学者提出基于单相MMC的RPC综合补偿装置（MRPC），MRPC提高了应用的电压等级，有利于适应高压大功率场合。但MRPC中的环流增大了系统损耗，影响了系统稳定，严重时可能导致系统崩溃。针对这一问题，本文详细推导了MRPC的数学模型；分析了环流形成的机理；最后提出了一种环流抑制策略。仿真结果表明，所提出的控制策略可以抑制MRPC中的环流改善其的控制性能，有利于MRPC的实际应用。     

Impact of traditional soil burning (guie) on Planosol properties and land‐use intensification in south‐western Ethiopia

In the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia, local farmers intensify land use on Planosols by adjusting a traditional soil burning practice known as guie. The burning practice used to be applied in a cycle of shifting cultivation. However, more recently, farmers burn small plots to make fertile seedbeds for Eucalyptus seedlings in the first year before these trees are transplanted to larger plots. The purpose of this research was to assess the physico‐chemical properties of Planosols that have been subjected to burning over the last 10 yrs and evaluate the contribution of guie to land‐use intensification of these soils. Transect studies and interviews of local farmers, followed by chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses of samples from selected plots were used to compare the soil properties of recently (0–2 yrs) and formerly (3–10 yrs) burnt Planosols with those of unburnt Planosols. The analytical results show that the burning practice improved nutrient availability in the first 2 yrs after guie. Increased amounts of exchangeable aluminium (Al) were reported in the long term. Charge fingerprints illustrate that the nutrient‐buffering capacity of the soil was high shortly after the practice but subsequently decreased with time. Given the population pressure on the formerly extensively used Planosols, it is argued that the current application of guie on small, localized plots for raising Eucalyptus seedlings is well adapted to the local socio‐economic context and promotes land‐use intensification on the Planosols. The increased exchangeable Al content of former Eucalyptus seedbeds merits further in‐depth research into the biophysical sustainability of the burning practice.     

市政工程中给排水施工的管理分析

随着国内城市化的推进，市政工程的给排水工程越发显得重要。传统的给排水施工技术已经无法满足城市发展要求，社会对给排水的施工质量提出了更高地要求。文章结合当前给排水施工管理现状，对给排水施工的施工管理各方面进行简要探析。