HPLC-DAD-MSn 法分析恩诺沙星在兔血浆中的代谢产物

采用HPLC-DAD-MSn法对兔肌注恩诺沙星给药后血浆中恩诺沙星和代谢产物的紫外光谱和质谱裂解行为进行分析,获得各化合物的光谱和多级质谱信息。比较给药前后兔血浆的DAD检测色谱图,发现6个可能的代谢产物M1……M6。根据化合物结构和质谱裂解途径及标准品的色谱保留时间,确定M3为环丙沙星,并推测M5可能为加氧恩诺沙星;M4获得一级质谱数据和紫外光谱数据;M1、M2和M6仅得到紫外光谱数据。推测恩诺沙星在兔体内的主要代谢反应是脱乙基反应和氧化反应。     

基于混合GANN的大气折光实时改正方法研究

针对GA与BP网络优缺点互补的特点,摒弃以往GANN模型的不足,采用以GA优化BP网络权值与阈值,再用BP网络对GA搜索到的近似最优解进行微调的方法,建立了一种能充分发挥两者优势的混合GANN模型.将模型应用于大气折光实时改正,建立了基于混合GANN的大气折光实时改正模型.通过与其他模型的分析对比表明,该模型科学、精确、易于实现,是一种实用的大气折光实时改正模型.     

热烫漂洗对鲜食草莓品质的影响

以“丰香”草莓为材料 ,采取水浴热烫方法 ,研究了不同温度处理对草莓品质的影响。结果表明 :草莓是典型的热敏性果类 ,随热烫温度上升 ,其外观品质和营养品质均呈下降趋势。除受温度影响外 ,草莓过氧化物酶 (POD)相当耐热 ,温度升高 ,其活性增加 ,并在高温时保持较高活性 ,成为破坏草莓品质的重要因素。综合生化指标检测和感官评判结果 ,热烫漂洗草莓在 60℃不宜超过 10min。     

哈尔滨松花江公路大桥动力特性试验

通过对哈尔滨松花江公路大桥进行动力特性实测和利用有限元程序ANSYS进行了建模和计算分析,得到的实测值和理论计算值差别不大。并通过研究获得了大桥的固有频率、模态、阻尼比和在动力荷我作用下的冲击系数,了解了该桥在动载荷作用下的实际工作状态,从而判断该桥整体结构的安全承我能力和使用条件。     

水分和N胁迫下玉米杂交种的抗逆性及综合评价

通过水分和N胁迫下玉米不同杂交种抗旱耐瘠性的试验研究,选择与抗逆性密切相关的9个性状的抗逆系数、抗逆指数为指标,以各指标隶属度为评定标准,分析评价参试品种的抗逆性。结果表明:黔玉3号、黔2599、遵玉3号、黔2411、贵毕302、中单2号和兴黄单89-2的抗逆性表现较好,黔单10号、黔西4号、安单136、黔2451和黔玉1号表现较差。以产量抗逆系数、产量抗逆指数、各性状抗逆系数隶属度及各性状抗逆指数隶属度4个参数进行综合鉴定评价,均得出了基本一致的结果,表明这些参数指标可以作为玉米抗逆性的有效评价参数。     

洮河流域径流输沙演变与降雨及降雨侵蚀力的关系

[目的]揭示气候变化、人类活动耦合作用下复杂的水沙变化、水沙关系,探明降雨侵蚀力的影响及径流输沙变化的响应机理,为流域水土流失防治和生态建设提供科学参考依据。[方法]基于洮河流域及周边6个气象站点逐日降水和下游控制站逐月径流输沙数据,采用多元统计分析法、水沙曲线、相关系数、灰色关联度、弹性分析法等方法分析研究了径流、输沙、降雨(P)、降雨侵蚀力(R)演变规律,及其相互作用关系。[结果]洮河流域1956—2019年径流整体呈显著下降趋势,线性变化率-2.8×10⁷m³/a, 1987年发生突变,输沙整体呈显著下降趋势,线性变化率-4.61×10⁵t/a, 2003年发生突变,降雨、降雨侵蚀力均呈不显著上升趋势,且未出现明显突变。洮河流域R上中游小于下游,夏季(626.33)>秋季(125.31)>春季(122.22)>冬季(0),夏季降雨侵蚀力占比71.67%,夏季对泥沙侵蚀影响最大。P与R分布相反,P相对较小的下游流域R较大,P相对较大的上中游R较小,流域水沙异源,上中游产水,下游产沙。对输沙量影响最大...     

Evaluation of calibrated passive sampling for quantifying ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials with slurry application

Background

There is a great need for simple and inexpensive methods to quantify ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials. However, methods that meet these criteria have to be thoroughly validated. In the calibrated passive sampling approach, acid traps placed in the center of quadratic plots absorb ammonia, enabling relative comparisons between plots. To quantify ammonia emissions, these acid trap samplings are scaled by means of a transfer coefficient (TC) obtained from simultaneous measurements with the dynamic tube method (DTM). However, dynamic tube measurements are also comparatively costly and time-consuming.

Aims

Our objective was to assess the best practice for using calibrated passive sampling in multi-plot field trials. One particular challenge in such experiments is to evaluate the influence of ammonia drift between plots.

Methods

In a series of eight multi-plot field trials, acid traps and DTM were used simultaneously on all plots to measure ammonia emissions caused by different slurry application techniques. Data obtained by both methods were correlated, and the influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background on both methods was evaluated by comparing net values, including the subtraction of the background with gross values (no background subtraction). Finally, we provide recommendations for calculating a TC for calibrating relative differences between plots, based on simultaneous acid trap and dynamic tube measurements on selected plots.

Results

Treatment mean values obtained by both methods correlated well. For most field trials, R² values between 0.6 and 0.8 were obtained. Ammonia background concentrations affected both methods. Drift between plots contributed to the background for the acid traps, whereas the contamination of the chamber system might have caused the background for the DTM. Treatments with low emissions were comparatively more affected by that background.

Conclusion

For a robust application of calibrated passive sampling, we recommend calculating the TC based on a treatment with high ammonia emissions, reducing the relative influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background.     

宁夏地区不同生长阶段奶牛产污系数的对比分析

选择不同生长阶段的中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验对象,采用全收粪尿法来研究不同生长阶段奶牛各种污染物特性及产污系数。结果表明:不同生长阶段奶牛体重与其采食量、粪尿产生量大致成二倍正相关关系;P、Cu、Zn元素都主要通过粪便排泄,其中Cu、Zn元素在尿液中含量甚微;单位体重粪或尿污染物产生量无论是从N、P还是Cu、Zn,成年泌乳奶牛对环境的贡献率都要高于育成期奶牛。     

Shear resistant performance of RC columns subjected to vertical near-fault velocity pulse-like earthquake actions

The aim is to evaluate the seismic properties of ancient timber structure after strengthening and analyze the failure process and corresponding failure state. Based on the hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation principle of the dovetail column-frame strengthened with CFRP and Arches Brackets under the low reversed cyclic loading, the “potential of destruction-resisting” of the two energy-consuming components is obtained. The dissipated energy of each energy-consuming component under the various earthquake conditions is calculated combining with the shaking table test of ancient timber structure. The model of seismic damage evaluation of the two energy-consuming components is established on the basis of the “potential of destruction-resisting” and the dissipated energy. By means of the energy distribution coefficient, the relationship of the failure state between energy-consuming components and overall strengthened structure is discovered, and the model of seismic damage evaluation of the overall structure under the various earthquake conditions is presented. With the derived model of seismic damage evaluation, the failure coefficient of the energy-consuming components and the overall strengthened structure is quantitatively calculated. According to the failure state, the corresponding damage grade of overall strengthened structure is obtained. The results can provide a reliable theoretical basis for predicting the destruction before earthquake and re-reinforcement to the strengthened ancient timber structures after earthquake.     

Influence of Transverse Flexural Crack on Chloride Penetration in Concrete

The mechanism for chloride penetration in cracked concrete and its major impact factors were analyzed. As a result, a revised chloride diffusion model based on Fick's Law was built by dual porous medium model. Then several cracked reinforced concrete beams self-anchored with sustained flexural loads were immersed in the 5% NaCl solution with the condition of dry-wet cycles. After 15 times of dry-wet cycles, the rapid chloride testing (RCT) was used for the determination of chloride ion content of the powder at each cracked sections. The test results show that: 1) with the condition of dry-wet cycles, the chloride content will occur a peak in the surface 20mm concrete, so the depth for surface convection zone can be assumed to be 15~20 mm; 2) when the crack width is less than 0.3mm, the equivalent chloride diffusion coefficient increases steadily, which agrees well with model's prediction; when the crack width is larger than 0.3mm, the equivalent chloride diffusion coefficient augments rapidly and influence of convection on chloride penetration becomes more significant; 3) the deterioration factor for equivalent chloride diffusion coefficient in flexural cracked concrete is directly correlative with crack width, which can be expressed by second order power function or separate function.