植物叶片润湿性特征的初步研究

植物叶片的润湿性表现了叶片对水的亲和能力,叶片上润湿的一层水膜对植物的光合作用、叶片截流降水有重要的影响.测定了陕西省境内34种植物叶片对水的接触角,初步探讨了叶片润湿性的一些特征.所研究植物叶片正面的接触角为O°～140°,平均85.4°.接触角大于95°不润湿的植物占到测定总数的31.4%;小于85°润湿植物中占到51%以上;而介于润湿与不润湿之间的物种占17.1%.叶片的正面和背面的润湿性具有一定水平的差异.叶面角质与腊质的比例对润湿性有重要的影响.叶片上附属物的多少也会对润湿性产生影响,附属物愈多,润湿性愈差;人为去除附属物可以极大地增加叶片的润湿性能.植物叶片上的气孔和叶脉通过影响叶片的粗糙程度来影响叶片的湿润性.     

小型通用汽油机排放的研究

以168F汽油机为样机,通过改变点火提前角和混合气浓度供给实测了样机的功率、油耗和排放数值。通过发动机示功图采集和放热规律计算,研究了点火提前角和混合气浓度对样机工作过程的影响,探讨了与样机匹配的点火提前角和混合气浓度的最佳值。通过上述试验研究和理论分析,在不使用尾气催化转化器的情况下,使得样机达到EPA第二阶段排放限值,并且具有达到EPA第三阶段排放限值的潜力。     

甘蓝型油菜分枝角度QTL定位及候选基因分析

分枝角度是油菜重要株型性状.为筛选和发现适度紧凑的分枝角度调控基因,以提高产量利于机械化收获,以分枝角度差异显著的油菜品种Holly和APL01为亲本构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,在2个环境中对分枝角度进行QTL定位及候选基因分析.结果表明,RIL群体分枝角度表现出连续变异且呈正态分布.利用前期构建的高密度SN...     

杨树无性系微纤丝角的时空变异模式

应用X射线衍射法对 7个杨树无性系微纤丝角进行了测定。结果表明 ,7个无性系在胸径处的微纤丝角存在一定的差异 ,但差异未达显著水平 (α =0 0 5 )。 7个无性系胸径处微纤丝角平均值大小顺序为I- 72 >I- 6 9≥NL - 80 35 1>南林 - 1388>南林 - 895≥南林 - 4 4 7>南林 - 95 ,其中NL - 80 35 1、I - 6 9杨、I- 72杨与南林 - 95存在较明显差异 ,胸径处的微纤丝角均比南林 - 95杨约高出 30 %以上。杨树微纤丝角的径向变异规律为 :在幼龄阶段 (1～ 3年 )微纤丝角逐渐增大。此后又逐渐减小 ,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角的径向变异规律 (R2 =0 82 6 )。微纤丝角在株内纵向变异规律为同一年轮内微纤丝角变化呈“马鞍型” ,微纤丝角在树木基部最大 ,随着树高的增加逐渐减小 ,当树高到达 13 6m后 ,微纤丝角又开始增大。微纤丝角在株内纵向变异规律也可用多项式方程来描述 (R2=0 6 16 )。本研究结果可为杨树无性系的早期选育和杨树人工林定向培育提供理论依据。     

Relationship of the iridocorneal angle, as measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy, with post-operative increases in intraocular pressure post-phacoemulsification in dogs

Objective  To investigate the relationship of the iridocorneal angle as it appears on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to increases in IOP post-phacoemulsification in the canine eye.
Animals studied  47 eyes of 28 dogs of various age, sex, and breed.
Methods  The ciliary process and limbus were used as a reference points to measure the angle opening distance (AOD), which was set by multiplying 0.45 by the distance between the ciliary process and limbus (when measured from the ciliary process). Pressure measurements were taken at five set points: Before, immediately post-, one day post-, 1 week post-, and 1 month post-phacoemulsification.
Results  A weak relationship between the AOD and the IOP one day post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.83, Slope: –1.24, P -value: 0.0155) was observed. No relationship immediately post-operative (Intercept: 3.45, Slope: –1.34, P -value: 0.0651), 1 week post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.31, Slope: –0.01, P -value: 0.9829), 1 month post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 1.85, Slope: –0.49, P -value: 0.1533) was observed. The pre-operative measurements made with UBM were: Distance from limbus to ciliary process (DLCP): (Minimum: 1.152, Maximum: 2.992, Mean: 1.91, SD: 0.468); AOD (Minimum: 0.104, Maximum: 0.764, Mean: 0.40, SD: 0.172).
Conclusions  The relationship between AOD as measured by UBM pre-operatively is weakly associated with IOP pressure elevations at day one post-phacoemulsification. Further study is required prospectively to establish the importance of this relationship. Initial measurements of the canine iridocorneal angle were created, suggesting a method to be used in the future to establish true canine normal measurements.     

Influence of the position of the foot on MRI signal in the deep digital flexor tendon and collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in the standing horse

Reasons for performing study: Hyperintense signal is sometimes observed in ligaments and tendons of the equine foot on standing magnetic resonance examination without associated changes in size and shape. In such cases, the presence of a true lesion or an artifact should be considered. A change in position of a ligament or tendon relative to the magnetic field can induce increased signal intensity due to the magic angle effect. Objectives: To assess if positional rotation of the foot in the solar plane could be responsible for artifactual changes in signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and in the deep digital flexor tendon. Methods: Six isolated equine feet were imaged with a standing equine magnetic resonance system in 9 different positions with different degrees of rotation in the solar plane. Results: Rotation of the limb induced a linear hyperintense signal on all feet at the palmar aspect of one of the lobes of the deep digital flexor tendon and at the dorsal aspect of the other lobe. Changes in signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint occurred with rotation of the limb only in those feet where mediolateral hoof imbalance was present. Conclusions: The position and conformation of the foot influence the signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon and in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint. Potential relevance: The significance of increased signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon and in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint should be interpreted with regard to the position and the conformation of the foot.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAGIC ANGLE EFFECT IN THE EQUINE DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON USING A LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE SYSTEM

Three isolated equine limbs were imaged with a low-field magnetic resonance system with a vertical magnetic field. Each limb was scanned in multiple positions with mild variation of the angle between the magnetic field and the long axis of the limb. When the long axis of the limb was not perpendicular to the magnetic field, a linear hyperintense signal was present at the palmar aspect of one of the deep digital flexor tendon lobes, at the level of the navicular bone and collateral sesamoidean ligaments, in proton density and T1-weighted pulse sequences. With increased angulation of the limb, the palmar hyperintense signal extended farther distally and proximally and additional signal hyperintensity was present at the dorsal aspect of the distal part of the other lobe of the deep digital flexor tendon. Increased signal intensity was also present in the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint on the same side as the palmar hyperintense signal in the tendon. The changes in the deep digital flexor tendon are due to the specific orientation of fibers at the palmar and dorsal aspect of the tendon, which is responsible for focal manifestation of the magic angle effect. Careful positioning of the limb perpendicular to the magnetic field can prevent this phenomenon. The association of palmar increased signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon with increased signal in the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint on the same side should be recognized as manifestations of the magic angle effect.     

气液叉流下受热液膜的热质传递特性

采用VOF两相流模型研究了气液叉流条件下受热液膜热质传递特性,在模型中添加了表面张力源项和气液相间传质源项.为了验证所建立模型的可靠性,采用非接触式红外热成像测温方法,进行了相应的气液叉流试验.对叉流条件下受热液膜热质传递过程进行了试验和模拟计算,结果显示无量纲壁面温度计算结果与试验结果吻合很好.应用所建立的模型,模拟计算并分析了表面张力、固液接触角、液膜流量等因素对液膜流动侧形和热质传递性能的影响,结果表明：在其他参数保持不变的情况下,表面张力从0.014 N／m增大到0.072 N／m的过程中,液膜覆盖面积由82.7％减小到73.2％;固液接触角从30°增大到60°的过程中,液膜覆盖面积由80.6％减小到69.4％;液膜流量越小,液膜厚度越小,越有利于液膜的蒸发;相反,较高的液膜流量会使液膜厚度增大,阻碍了液膜蒸发,从而使外掠过液膜的单位体积空气含湿量减小.     

Photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dactylis glomerata</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schedonorus phoenix</Emphasis> along a hardwood tree-induced light gradient

Photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency (PARUE) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) was determined. Leaf mass was harvested for canopies at different shade levels when each reached 20 cm height with 5 cm residue for regrowth to simulate grazing. Total incident PAR at each site was summed for the growth period (S-PAR). Values for PARUE were calculated from dried leaf mass divided by S-PAR. The more highly shaded plants reached 20 cm at lower S-PAR. While overall leaf mass decreased linearly with shade induced decreases in S-PAR, PARUE increased exponentially. The coefficients for the equations representing this exponential increase vary for forage species and may represent a useful index for characterizing forage response to silvopastoral systems.     

森林结构调查中最适样方面积和数量的研究

以30块100 m×100 m的模拟样地为研究材料,从林木空间分布格局吻合率关系对模拟的小样方进行研究,并以1块100 m×100 m的实地调查样地为例,验证新确定样方的合理性和可行性;根据实际调查样地的调查时间来分析比较样方间的调查时间和成本,进而确定较优的样方面积和样方数.结果表明:(1)空间结构参数中的角尺度与抽取的样方面积大小和样方数量有关.随着样地面积的增大和样方数量的增加,所估计的林木空间结构均趋于稳定;(2)从林木空间格局来看,样方面积为10 m×10 m、15 m×15 m、20 m×20 m、25 m×25 m、30 m×30 m抽样数分别为42、23、12、9、4时,均能准确的表达林分的空间分布格局;(3)在考虑调查时间和成本时,样方面积为30 m×30 m、抽样数为4是林分空间结构调查时较适合样方调查面积和调查数.