The Nutritive Value For Growing Pigs of Single Cell Protein (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Produced from Sulphite Spent Liquor

The effects on growing pigs of substituting 4.5 and 9 % of soy bean meal with a corresponding amount of single cell protein produced from sulphite spent liquor in a diet based on cereals and fish meal have been studied. The concentration of lignosulphonic acids in the single cell protein product was found to be 0.6 % ± 0.2 % (m. ± s). No differences in the weight gain, feed conversion ratio or fat thickness of the pigs, as compared with the controls, were observed when fed single cell protein-containing diets from about 29 to 80 kg in the course of 11 weeks. Nor were any effects found on addition of 0.15 % of methionine to the diets.     

载畜率对荒漠草原植物群落影响的研究

对不同载畜率下短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征进行比较,结果表明:不同植物种群的盖度对载畜率的响应不同,无芒隐子草盖度在轻度放牧区最大,栉叶蒿盖度在7月份、8月份分别以中度放牧区和轻度放牧区最大;短花针茅、冷蒿、阿氏旋花、细叶葱、木地肤随载畜率增大高度下降明显,猪毛菜高度在四个载畜率下差异均不显著;随着载畜率的增大,植物群落生物量呈下降趋势,且重度放牧与不放牧、轻度放牧有显著差异;随着载畜率的增大,建群种、优势种地位改变不明显,但一年生的猪毛菜重要值增大,在重度放牧区达到最大并占据优势地位;Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数均以轻度放牧区最大,Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数均为轻度放牧>中度放牧>重度放牧>不放牧,且不放牧与轻度放牧差异显著。     

发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

试验采用发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,旨在研究其对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取16头泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦牛,采用配对分组设计4个处理组：对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的精料中,用发酵油茶饼粕分别代替15％、30％和45％的豆粕。试验结果表明,发酵油茶饼粕代替部分豆粕饲喂泌乳期荷斯坦牛,对其产奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂率有一定的提升作用．且发酵油茶饼粕价格相对于豆粕有很大的优势;采用发酵油茶饼粕饲喂荷斯坦牛,能够有效降低饲养成本,值得推广应用。     

反刍家畜粗饲料品质评定的指标及其应用比较

本文结合笔者的研究结果就评定粗饲料品质的单项指标粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、消化率与动物的粗饲料干物质随意采食量以及综合指标粗饲料相对值(RFV)、粗饲料分级指数(GI)在粗饲料品质评定上的应用进行了比较,指出:上述各单项指标并不能客观地反映粗饲料的品质,应使用综合指标。由于GI考虑了粗饲料中的能氮互作,对粗饲料的分级比RFV更精确。     

耐低钾山羊草基因型的筛选与鉴定

为研究小麦近缘属种的耐低钾特性,分析不同山羊草(Aegilops)耐低钾胁迫下各生理指标的差异,筛选和鉴定耐低钾基因型。本试验通过砂培法,以9种不同基因型山羊草为供试材料,采用改进的Hoagland营养液,设低钾(0.02mmol·L~(-1) KCl)和正常供钾(2.0mmol·L~(-1) KCl)两个水平进行试验。对相对根冠比、相对根长、相对地上部干重、相对钾积累量和相对钾利用效率5个指标进行相关分析和主成分分析,筛选出3个综合指标进行山羊草耐低钾基因型的鉴定。结果发现,不同基因型山羊草对低钾胁迫存在显著的差异。地上部干重、钾积累量和钾利用效率可以作为苗期耐低钾种质筛选的重要指标。综合评价结果表明:双角山羊草(Ae.bicornis)、偏凸山羊草(Ae.ventricosa)、粗厚山羊草(Ae.crassa)、拟斯卑尔托山羊草(Ae.speltoides)、尾状山羊草(Ae.caudata)、粘果山羊草(Ae.kotschyi)、易变山羊草(Ae.variabilis)、欧山羊草(Ae.biuncialis)、小伞山羊草(Ae.umbellulata)的综合评价值(D值)分别为0.383,0.898,0.327,0.516,0.007,0.682,0.338,0.346,0.655。由此可知,其中偏凸山羊草耐低钾胁迫能力最强,其次是粘果山羊草,尾状山羊草耐低钾胁迫能力最弱。通过本试验,初步建立了山羊草耐低钾种质的评价指标,为进一步研究山羊草的耐低钾分子机制,以及小麦育种上利用耐低钾山羊草种质提供了材料和理论依据。     

银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的研究

本文对热带、亚热带木本豆科饲料银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的技术及其效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:银合欢枝叶干物质粗蛋白质含量约为21％,有毒氨基酸含羞草素含量约为3％。含羞草素可在反刍家畜瘤胃内转变为另一毒素3-羟基-4(1氢)吡啶酮(DHP)。我国南方内陆地区反刍家畜瘤胃内不存在可使DHP降解的细菌,故采食银合欢出现中毒反应,并使日增重和饲料报酬下降。将澳大利亚DHP-降解细菌接种到我国内陆地区黄牛瘤胃内,可使黄牛取得对DHP的脱毒能力。作者发现我国广西北海市一小岛——涠洲岛的黄牛和山羊瘤胃内也存在某种DHP-降解细菌,将其接种转移到我国内陆地区乳牛瘤胃内,乳牛成功地取得了对DHP的脱毒能力。用涠洲DHP-降解细菌脱毒银合欢枝叶饲养乳牛取得了良好的饲养效果。     

鲈鱼与养生

在广泛文献检索基础上,对鲈鱼的种属、营养成分、养生价值、代表性膳食及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

海南黄牛种质资源的保护和利用探讨

本文阐述了海南黄牛的品种特性与发展现状,讨论了海南黄牛种质退化原因,提出了海南黄牛种质资源保护和开发利用策略,探讨了热带气候条件下海南黄牛种质资源保护的具体措施。     

A comparative analysis of acceptance by Japanese females and price of goat milk from different sources

A sensory survey was carried out using 4 different types of whole goat milk among middle‐class females to investigate consumer acceptability of goat milk and whether there is an opportunity to expand the sale of goat milk products in Japan. Four different types of whole milk powder (domestic concentrate‐fed, domestic pasture‐fed, USA commercially canned, and New Zealand commercially canned) were used. Fresh cow milk was served as a control. Thirty‐one housewives evaluated the 5 liquid milk samples for smell, taste and overall characteristics on a scale of 1 (low) to 3 (high). Chi‐square analyses were carried out to detect significant differences between the milk types in each category. The goat milk from the USA was the most preferred goat milk with respect to smell and overall evaluation. Domestic pasture‐fed milk received the lowest grade in the evaluation for its ‘grassy and goaty’ smell. This result shows us that pasture intake affects the taste and smell of powdered milk which gives the lowest evaluation by the participants. If Japanese goat milk producers want to be successful in the domestic goat milk market and compete against goat milk products from other countries, they should improve production methods and flavor of their products.     

Influences of Northern Leaf Blight on corn silage fermentation quality,nutritive value and feed intake by sheep

This study examined the differences between non‐inoculated (control) corn and Northern Leaf Blight (NLB)‐damaged corn (inoculated corn); dry matter (DM) yield, silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and feed intake by sheep were compared. Leaf, stem and grain dry weights and gross yield of inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with control corn. The contents of water‐soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) were decreased in inoculated corn compared with control corn. Silage made from both inoculated and control corn showed good fermentation quality. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, ether extract, NFE, and energy of silage made from inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible energy (DE) were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with silage made from the control corn. DM intake showed no significant discrepancy between the two types of silage. TDN and DE intakes from inoculated silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with control silage. From the above results it was shown that NLB caused a decrease in DM yield and NFE content in corn and a decrease in the nutritive value and feed intake of silage.