狼山鸡保种群不同世代MHC BF基因遗传多样性研究

通过Illumina平台Miseq重测序方法分析不同世代(G0、G5、G10、G12、G14、G15、G17)的MHC BF1和BF2基因座位多态性,揭示狼山鸡不同世代间MHC BF基因遗传多样性,为更好地监测保种效果提供科学的决策依据。在狼山鸡7个世代中分别鉴定出MHC BF1、BF2基因59和34个SNPs。狼山鸡MHC BF1基因观察杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)在G10、G12、G14保持稳定,Ho在不同世代变化情况为G17G15G14、G12、G10G5G0,He和PIC在不同世代变化情况为G17、G15G14、G12、G10G5G0,MHC BF2基因的Ho在G10、G14、G15保持稳定,其他世代变化情况为G17、G12G15、G14、G10G0、G5;He和PIC在G12、G14、G15和G17保持稳定,在其他世代变化情况为G17、G15、G14、G12G10G5、G0。从本研究结果看,狼山鸡不同世代MHC BF1和BF2遗传多样性变化规律不太一致,但总体规律符合波动选择(时空变换的选择)假说,随着时间的推移MHC BF基因遗传多样性变得更为丰富,在某些连续几个世代群体遗传多样性基本保持稳定,这可能与MHC BF基因功能有关。     

Estimated Breeding Value in Iranian Buffaloes

This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.     

Assessing the sustainability of cropping systems in single- and multi-site studies. A review of methods

The multiple new challenges facing agriculture require the development of innovative cropping systems with high environmental, economic and social performances. Many research programmes are currently focusing on the design of such cropping systems. Some include the multicriteria assessment of cropping systems by diverse methods and approaches. Some of these research programmes are supported by experimental or farmers’ networks, generating new opportunities for data analysis and raising new research and methodological questions. In this article, we provide an overview based on a review of 56 articles, comparing the various methods for sustainability assessment in single- and multi-site studies. Articles were classified according to three characteristics: (i) their objectives, (ii) the study design (single- vs. multi-site), (iii) the type of system assessed (fictitious vs. real). Our analysis was structured around four items: (i) the variables used to describe cropping systems and production situations and the use of these variables in the assessment process, (ii) the criteria and associated indicators assessed, (iii) the methods used to explore multiple aspects of the performance of cropping systems, (iv) the use of reference values. We identified key points to be taken into account in multi-site studies. The application of the proposed guidelines to experimental networks should facilitate the identification of high-performance cropping systems and the identification of the drivers of cropping system performance.     

枸骨的药用功效与保健作用

该文系统地综述了枸骨的化学成分和药用价值,并讨论了枸骨资源今后的开发与利用前景。     

上海动物园游客保护教育需求及满意度调查

本研究利用问卷调查收集了上海动物园游客类型与特征、游园目的、游客游览时获得野生动物科普知识的途径、游客对现有科普活动的评价、对科普教育的需求、游客满意度、意见与建议等,并进行了研究。结果表明,大部分(66.02%)游客为本市居民和暂居本市的中青年。近9成(89.51%)游客携带孩子游览动物园,其中超过半数(52.34%)为父母与孩子共同出行。游客游园目的主要为观看动物、游玩娱乐和让孩子学习动物知识。观察动物和阅读动物科普说明牌是游客学习动物科普知识的主要途径。互动类和深度游类项目,是游客最愿意参加的活动类型。游客更希望园方从动物科普设施、饲养员讲解、志愿者讲解这3方面提升其教育功能。总体而言,游客对上海动物园感到满意,超过半数(53.81%)表示很满意。具体而言,动物说明牌的满意度最高,其次是路面状况和路标指示牌。基于研究结果,提出以下建议:提升科普活动的内涵和互动性;提升游园体验,延长游览时间;寻找迎合和引导的平衡;完善基础设施。     

以红色文化推进社会主义核心价值体系建设

红色文化有着自身的显著特点，它是最具民族性的先进文化，最具科学性的先进文化，最具大众性的先进文化，最具时代性的先进文化。红色文化的时代价值表现为：弘扬红色文化有利于巩固马克思主义指导地位，有利于人们树立崇高的理想信念，有利于人们确立改革创新的时代精神，有利于人们形成良好的道德品质。红色文化的优秀品质为社会主义核心价值体系建设提供了丰富养料和土壤，以红色文化推进社会主义核心价值体系建设，必须处理好红色文化与多元文化、红色文化与校园文化、红色文化与网络文化的关系。     

Effect Of Replacing Fish Meal With Blood Meal On Chemical Composition Of Supplement For Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect on the nutrient content of replacing fish meal (FM) with blood meal (BM) in fish supplement. Three isonitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using FM as the main source of animal protein (BM0); 50% replacement of FM with blood meal (BM50); or 100% replacement of FM with BM (BM100). The chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre) and amino acid composition were determined. Replacement of FM with BM did not affect the proximate composition of the diet apart from ash content which decreased with the level of substitution. Substituting fish meal with blood meal reduced the levels of methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine and increased the levels of arginine, phenylanine and alanine in the diet. Amino acid indices revealed that BM0 had more amino acids with the highest chemical scores followed by BM50 and BM100. In all the diets, methionine was the most limiting amino acid. The essential amino acid index of the diets reduced with the level of replacement of FM (0.94, 0.88 and 0.77). The study showed substitution of up to 50% FM with BM gave a useful protein diet and 100% gave almost a poor protein diet.     

红花粕和水飞蓟粕对生长獭兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在通过饲养试验和消化试验来评定红花粕和水飞蓟粕在生长獭兔上的营养价值。选取18只60日龄左右、平均体重(1.73±0.21)kg、健康状况良好的白色獭兔,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮、红花粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%红花粕)和水飞蓟粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%水飞蓟粕)。预试期和正试期各5 d。采用化学分析法测定红花粕和水飞蓟粕的总能(GE)及各营养物质含量,采用全收粪法测定生长獭兔对各营养物质的表观消化率。结果表明:红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的GE、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)以及无氮浸出物(NFE)的含量分别为:18.81 MJ/kg、93.76%、23.94%、14.95%、19.92%、11.99%、2.19%、1.64%、4.93%、0.37%、0.57%、49.32%与17.12 MJ/kg、91.94%、23.62%、16.21%、38.57%、22.73%、4.04%、2.07%、5.31%、0.29%、0.68%、42.09%。生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中GE、DM、CP、CF、NDF、ADF、EE、Ash、Ca、P和NFE的表观消化率分别为62.60%、61.72%、62.39%、15.68%、26.30%、14.75%、80.69%、38.35%、59.35%、31.98%、79.61%与63.13%、61.94%、68.01%、15.74%、27.64%、14.98%、79.90%、38.20%、60.44%、32.99%、79.81%。由此可见,生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的不同营养成分的表观消化率存在一定差异,结合2种原料各营养物质含量总体分析,2种原料均可作为獭兔的蛋白质饲料资源应用,并且对生长獭兔的营养价值相近。     

海口主要公园香花植物资源调查与分析

香花植物在园林景观中满足了人们视觉感官与嗅觉感官的双重要求，有着独特的应用价值。本文对海口市5所大型综合性公园的香花植物进行调查，为推动其在海口市园林景观中的应用提供参考。研究发现，所调查的公园有香花植物45种（含1变种，2栽培品种），隶属于29科39属，以乡土植物为主，木本植物居多；多集中于夏季开花，花色以白色为主；花香从微香型到浓香型，以芳香型为主；主要有闻香主景式、点缀配景式两种配置形式。另外，香花植物种类偏少、种植面积小、花色单调等问题突出，针对以上问题提出相应对策。     

农村土地价值的影响因素分析

分析了农村土地价值的影响因素,并从提高土地收入保障角度寻求提高土地价值的途径和方法。结果表明：农村土地的价值不仅体现在土地产生的直接收益,还表现在土地为农民带来的间接收益,包括土地的交换价值和潜在的发展价值。通过产权制度改革、土地经营形式多元化、种植结构调整、农民组织的重构来改变土地利用方式可以增加土地价值,使土地从生存保障发展为投资保障,从而提高农村土地的价值。