安徽岳西头陀镇毛竹林生产力 与土壤养分特征比较

为了解土壤养分与毛竹生长的相关性,对安徽头陀镇的垦复毛竹纯林、未垦复毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林 进行调查研究。结果表明院不同毛竹林生长及其生产力差异明显,平均胸径10.02耀12.35 cm,立竹度0.28耀0.49,该区 的生产力属中等偏低,总生物量大小依次为院垦复毛竹纯林（96.50 t/hm2）>竹阔混交林（81.39 t/hm2）>未垦复毛竹纯林 （78.17 t/hm2）。垦复毛竹纯林和竹阔混交林的各组分生物量大小依次为院竹杆>竹鞭>竹根>竹叶>竹枝;而未垦复毛竹 纯林为院竹杆>竹枝>竹鞭>竹根>竹叶。不同林分下,各样地土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随土层深度的 加深而降低,同一土层中养分含量差异显著。相关分析显示,不同毛竹林总生物量与土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷存在 不同程度的正相关;平均胸径与0耀20 cm 土层有机质和速效磷呈显著正相关;立竹度仅与0耀20 cm 土层有机质呈正 相关。说明土壤有机质含量是影响毛竹生产力的关键因素。     

从模糊语言学角度分析英语委婉语的构造方式及语用交际功能

英语委婉语是英语语言的重要组成部分。模糊性是委婉语的基础，是实现其交际功能的手段。从模糊语言学的角度分析了英语委婉语的语音、语义两种构造方式，并总结了其五大语用交际功能：避讳功能、润滑功能、劝诱功能、礼貌功能及掩饰功能，以便为读者了解、掌握并正确运用委婉语提供帮助，为培养更具策略性、感染力和认同感的交际语言提供参考。     

Analyses of Interlayer Stresses and Strain Transfer in Smart Laminated Structures

A new model is proposed to analyze the strain/stress transfer relation between host materials and piezoceramic sensors/actuators under bending and axial stress loading. The finite thickness of the adhesive is taken into account. The physical layers of the piezoceramic, adhesive and structure material are further subdivided into thinner layers as fine as necessary in order to improve the accuracy of stress analysis. In each thin layer the in-plane stresses are assumed to vary linearly across the thickness. By satisfying equilibrium equations, constitutive equations and displacement-strain relations, all components of stress, strain and displacement can be expressed as functions of the in-plane forces and the moments of the thin layers. The differential equations governing the in-plane forces and the moments are obtained. Then, this analytical model is used to predict strain transfer from the structure material to the sensor. It is found, both experimentally and theoretically, that the axial strain of the host material is considerably larger than the strain of the sensor, which is directly related to the output voltage. By introducing the so-called strain transfer factor, a relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the strain of the measured material is derived. The model is used to predict interlayer stress distributions and strain transfer, which are induced by actuator strain. The result was compared with existing experiments and FEM. There is stress concentration between the actuator and adhesive around the edge of the smart structures, which may cause debonding under high stress loading.     

Plant secondary metabolites, biphenyl, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin effects on aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl removal and microbial community structure in soils

Biphenyl and several plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (carvone, isoprene, limonene, naringin, and coumarin) and surfactant (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)) have been shown to improve aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal by several bacterial species. The objective of this study was to determine whether these treatments also affect PCB removal and microbial community structure in a high organic matter soil (Pahokee soil series with 67% organic matter) and low organic matter soil (Woolper soil series with 6% organic matter), as determined by monitoring changes in PCB levels and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles in laboratory microcosms amended with these compounds. Biphenyl enhanced di-chlorinated and tri-chlorinated biphenyl removal in both soils, but PSM did not improve removal of these congeners. On the contrary, HP-β-CD decreased PCB removal when used in combination with biphenyl. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that HP-β-CD significantly increased tetra- and penta-chlorinated biphenyl removal from the high organic matter soil, but not from the low organic matter soil. Principal components analysis of PLFA data indicated that HP-β-CD increased proportions of 18:1ω7c associated with Gram-negative bacteria, but decreased 10me16 and 10me17 lipid associated with Gram-positive bacteria, while biphenyl and PSMs had no detectable effects on soil microbial communities. PCB removal was not correlated to any PLFA. In conclusion, PSM previously shown to enhance PCB removal in soil-free systems were not effective in two divergent soils evaluated in this study, and HP-β-CB had increase, decrease, or no effect on PCB removal depending on types of PCB congeners, soils, and co-amendments.     

表面活性剂与纳米SiO2作用下聚合铝的絮凝特性

在6NTU高岭土原水中,溶入低浓度溶解性有机物-阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS),投加聚合铝PAC与新型水处理剂-纳米SiO2稳定分散液进行动态混凝实验与静止沉降实验.借助图像分析技术与分形理论,对SDS与纳米SiO2作用下PAC的絮凝特性与絮体分形结构的形态学特征进行研究.结果表明:存在SDS时,高岭土颗粒表面ζ电位增加.SDS在颗粒表面的吸附等温曲线符合Langmiur方程;PAC对无机颗粒的去除效果明显,但对SDS的表观去除率较低.SDS阻碍絮凝初絮体的形成.纳米SiO2使颗粒表面ζ电位增加,对无机颗粒处理效果较差,但对去除有机物有利.絮凝机理主要是吸附架桥;助凝剂纳米SiO2能促进PAC对无机颗粒与SDS絮凝,处理效果显著.悬浊液中絮体粒径大,有效质量密度增加,沉速加快,分维值下降.     

基于刚度退化的框架结构受力性能研究

根据模型试验数据确定各变形阶段框架的实际抗侧刚度,采用框架抗推刚度退化系数对框架各楼层抗推刚度进行修正,再引入周期、剪力与侧移修正系数对弹性阶段的结构受力性能予以修正,提出一种考虑刚度退化时框架结构的计算方法,并给出具体计算步骤.以8层框架为例,探讨了抗侧刚度退化对结构受力性能的影响.结果表明:考虑结构的刚度退化,结构自振周期增大,楼层剪力减少,侧移增加,符合工程实际,且概念清晰,简单适用,能为现行规范的补充与完善提供参考.     

分析非线性随机结构动态响应的等效随机系统法

在确定性非线性系统等效线性化方法的基础上，提出了分析含有随机参数的非线性结构动态响应的等效随机系统法。考虑了最一般的多自由度系统，以刚度随机为例推导了等效随机系统法的公式，并给出等效随机系统法的算法。以非线性单自由度系统为算例进行计算，结果表明，等效随机系统法得到的解与Monte—Carlo模拟解几乎完全吻合。本方法精度较高，且与Monte—Carlo法相比计算时间大大缩短。     

陕西壳斗科栎属与青冈属主要木材研究

为了了解陕西壳斗科木材的材质和利用价值,采用常规木材解剖方法,对陕西产壳斗科最具代表性的5类木材(栎属的麻栎类、槲栎类、高山栎类、巴东栎类和青冈属的青冈类)的解剖构造进行了研究。结果发现,这5类木材的主要特征为:环孔材或辐射孔材,单管孔,单穿孔为主,导管壁上纹孔互列,具环管管胞和木纤维,薄壁组织呈星散-聚和状和离管带状,同形射线为主,单列或多列;麻栎类和槲栎类木材构造较为接近,均为环孔材,木材结构粗且不均匀,材面具有美丽花纹,是家具、地板和室内装饰的首选木材;高山栎类、巴东栎类和青冈类木材构造较为接近,均为辐射孔材,木材结构略细,材质略均匀,材面花纹不显著,因此在材质要求均匀或花纹无特殊要求时可选用此类木材。     

框架与框架填充墙结构的统计损伤诊断

提出了一种基于递推随机有限元方法(RSFEM)的随机结构损伤识别方法来识别框架与框架填充墙结构的损伤.在定义了随机损伤指数概念的基础上,考虑模型误差的不确定性和测量噪声的影响,建立了关于随机损伤指数的控制方程.然后,利用RSFEM得到了结构随机损伤指数的统计特性.数值算例的结果显示,新的方法与两步法结合能在考虑模型误差和测量噪声的情况下对结构损伤进行有效识别,且在结构随机参数有较大涨落情况下,该方法与蒙特卡洛模拟法同样有效.     

带V型减震器的框架——核心筒体结构动力计算方法

高层框架－核心筒体结构中，在框架与核心简体连接处设置Ｖ型减震器，使框架与核心筒体之间的刚性连接变成了弹性阻尼连接，从而减小了地震作用下结构的动力反应。本文通过对带Ｖ型减震器的高度框架－核心筒体结构动力特点的分析，建立了这种减震结构的动力计算模型，提出了这种减震结构的动力计算方法，并对计算公式进行了推导。