进境美国大豆杂草和杂质含量研究

自装载美国大豆的外轮货舱中取样,研究进口美国大豆携带杂草和杂质的含量关系:取样量为5 kg/1 000 t,是能反映进口大豆中杂草和杂质含量关系的最低取样量;把进口美国大豆杂质含量划分为1.5%、1.5%~2.0%和2.0%3个区间,其携带杂草含量和种类与杂质含量呈显著的正相关;进口大豆中携带杂草含量高的,检出频率也相对高,但检出的杂草总种类数少于杂草含量低的;杂草含量低的,检出频率也相对低,但检出的杂草总种类数多于杂草含量高的。     

Long-Term Sulfur Fertilization: Effects on Crops and Residual Effects in a No-Till System of Argentinean Pampas

A long-term experiment has been conducted between 2001 and 2008 at Balcarce, Argentina, to determine the effect of sulfur (S) fertilization on S concentration in grains, crop yield, and residual S in soil. Two treatments were evaluated: annual S application to crops (15 kg ha^?1; S1) and a control with no S fertilization (S0). Sulfur fertilization only increased wheat yield (22% of the crops in the experiment). However, S application increased S concentration in grains in wheat, soybean, and maize (56% of the crops). Although, for all years, the S mass balance was positive for S1 and negative for S0, no differences in soil S extracted as sulfate (S-SO₄ ^?2) content previous to the crop sown were determined. The absence of differences in S accumulation in aboveground vegetative biomass and grain of the maize used as a check also suggest that long-term S fertilization did not affect the soil S availability for crops.     

Anthropogenic influences on potential fire spread in a pyrogenic ecosystem of Florida, USA

Fire has historically been an important ecological factor maintaining southeastern U.S. vegetation. Humans have altered natural fire regimes by fragmenting fuels, introducing exotic species, and suppressing fires. Little is known about how these alterations specifically affect spatial fire extent and pattern. We applied historic (1920 and 1943) and current (1990) GIS fuels maps and the FARSITE fire spread model to quantify the differences between historic and current fire spread distributions. We held all fire modeling variables (wind speed and direction, cloud cover, precipitation, humidity, air temperature, fuel moistures, ignition source and location) constant with exception of the fuel models representing different time periods. Model simulations suggest that fires during the early 1900's burned freely across the landscape, while current fires are much smaller, restricted by anthropogenic influences. Fire extent declined linearly with patch density, and there was a quadratic relationship between fire extent and percent landscape covered by anthropogenic features. We found that as little as 10 percent anthropogenic landcover caused a 50 percent decline in fire extent. Most landscapes (conservation or non-conservation areas) are now influenced by anthropogenic features which disrupt spatial fire behavior disproportionately to their actual size. These results suggest that land managers using fire to restore or maintain natural ecosystem function in pyrogenic systems will have to compensate for anthropogenic influences in their burn planning. This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

齐口裂腹鱼维氏气单胞菌１６ＳｒＤＮＡ序列分析

报告齐口裂腹鱼病原菌的检测和生物学特性。从齐口裂腹鱼肠道中分离出菌株Spc0408, 采用常规形态特征的观察、生理生化试验、结合16SrDNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定并构建系统发育树。该菌为革兰氏染色呈阴性,短杆形,无芽孢。生化鉴定结果显示具该菌有动力性,H2S、尿素阴性、不发酵木糖、鼠李糖、山梨醇等;β-半乳糖苷酶、葡磷胨水、枸橼酸盐阳性等。菌株16SrDNA的长度为1443 bp,登录号为JF929912,其和Genbank中多株维氏气单胞菌相似性高达97%,系统发育树显示菌株Spc0408和多株维氏气单胞菌聚为一簇。结合分离菌的表型特征及分子鉴定结果,可以判定该菌株在分类上属于维氏气单胞菌,本研究可以对相关病原菌的分类鉴定提供参考。     

甜茶中鞣花酸抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究甜茶中鞣花酸的抗氧化作用。[方法]以甜茶根为原料,经提取、溶剂萃取、重结晶等手段,得到了鞣花酸晶体;采用体外试验对甜茶中鞣花酸的清除DPPH.自由基能力及还原能力进行了研究,并用磷钼酸盐法测定了甜茶中鞣花酸的总抗氧化活性。[结果]鞣花酸清除DPPH.效果明显,并且具有速度快、用量少、抗氧化能力强等特点;当浓度为0.10 mg/ml时,鞣花酸对DPPH.自由基的清除率达到92.5%以上。鞣花酸的还原能力随着浓度的增大而变强;与BHT相比,当浓度低于0.5 mg/ml时,鞣花酸的还原能力低于BHT;而当浓度达到0.5 mg/ml时,鞣花酸的还原能力强于BHT。鞣花酸总抗氧化活性随着浓度及加入时间的增大而增大;当浓度为1.2mg/ml时,EA的抗氧化性没有BHT强,但1 h后EA的抗氧化性比BHT稍强。[结论]甜茶鞣花酸清除自由基的能力很强,具有开发利用意义。     

基于16S rRNA和Cyt b基因序列探讨2种梅童鱼的遗传分化

比较分析了棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）和黑鳃梅童鱼（C.niveatus）的16SrRNA和Cytb基因片段序列差异及遗传分化程度。在长度为526bp的16SrRNA和379bp的Cytb基因片段的核苷酸序列中,2种间共检测到44处核苷酸替代。分析结果表明,2个基因片段的鸟嘌呤（G）含量较低,在Cytb蛋白质编码基因第三密码子位点上表现尤为明显。基于16SrRNA和Cytb基因片段分析结果显示,2种间平均遗传距离分别为0．012和0．111。构建的系统树显示2种梅童鱼在这2个基因片段上存在显著的遗传分化。根据Cytb基因2％／百万年的进化速率推断,棘头梅童鱼与黑鳃梅童鱼的分化时间约为550万年,发生于上新世（Pliocene）早期。     

6株解有机磷细菌的分离鉴定

从合肥市王小郢污水处理厂的污泥中筛选出6株能降解有机磷的细菌,对这6株茵株进行形态、生理生化性状测定,初步鉴定得出SI菌株为微杆菌属(Microbacterium),S2菌株为葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),S3(QY081102)菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),S4菌株为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),S5菌株为黄色单胞菌属(Flavimonas),S6菌株为纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas).对它们的解磷能力进行测定和比较,S3菌株的解磷能力最强,其D/d值为4.5,对卵磷脂的降解率为66%,进而对S3菌株进行了16S rDNA序列分析,确定其为产碱假单胞茵(Pseudomonas alcaligenes).     

4株家蚕丝胶蛋白降解细菌的分类鉴定与培养温度研究

从缫丝厂废水池分离获得4株对家蚕丝胶蛋白具有较强降解活性的细菌。通过菌落的形态特征和生理生化特征分析及16S rDNA序列测定与同源性分析,对4株细菌进行分类鉴定的结果是:S45、Y3菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),S68、X10菌株为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。温度对丝胶蛋白降解细菌的降解活性有影响,在培养温度为30℃时,S45、Y3、S68、X10菌株对家蚕丝胶蛋白的降解活性最高,其降解率分别为26.52%、20.27%、21.55%和28.86%。由于芽孢杆菌具有很强的耐热等抗逆能力,所以4株丝胶蛋白降解细菌有望应用于缫丝厂排放废水的处理。     

血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S_（180）肉瘤的抑制作用

[目的]研究血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用及免疫增强作用,以找到一种副作用小的抑制肿瘤新方法。[方法]以低、中、高不同剂量血红铆钉菇多糖及环磷酰胺[20 mg/（kg.d）]灌服小鼠,观察抑瘤效果。[结果]与空白组对照,低、中、高剂量血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制率分别为76.018%、24.216%、54.763%,低剂量组抑瘤率远高于环磷酰胺对照组（53.839%）;低剂量组小鼠的脾指数与环磷酰胺对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）;低剂量和中剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数与环磷酰胺对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）,具有较明显地保护免疫器官的作用。[结论]低剂量血红铆钉菇多糖可以有效抑制小鼠S180肉瘤,具有较强的抑瘤活性,同时能够有效保护免疫器官。     

根瘤菌参比菌株23S rRNA基因数量和定位及其系统发育群

    为了明确23S rRNA基因数量和定位是否可更好地揭示根瘤菌参比菌株的系统发育关系,采用I-CeuI酶切和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)结合的方法,对根瘤菌株23S rRNA基因的数量和定位进行分析,并依据其相似性进行聚群.结果显示.根瘤菌参比菌株可聚为19个系统发育群.其中,在属的水平上,13个系统发育群与现行分类群(不包括依据16S rRNA基因序列分析结果)一致,6个不一致.在种的水平上,现行分类群中同种的根瘤菌可进一步细分为不同的系统发育群.这表明:I-CeuI酶切和PFGE结合的方法能从基因组特征角度对根瘤菌参比菌株进行更加细化的系统发育分类,并使其属种间的同质性更好.