设施桃对硒的吸收运转及积累特性的初步研究

本试验以设施栽培的4年生春雪毛桃（砧木为青州冬雪蜜桃）为试材,研究硒元素在桃中的吸收运转及积累特性,为设施桃富硒果品生产技术的提出提供理论依据。结果表明：从花后40d至80d,设施桃不同部位硒元素含量的变化趋势不同,其中叶片呈‘升-降-升（土施氨基酸硒）’与‘持续上升（叶面喷施氨基酸硒）’、果肉呈‘升-降’、果皮呈‘升-降（土施氨基酸硒）’和‘降-升-降（叶面喷施氨基酸硒）’、果核呈下降的变化趋势;设施桃从果实硬核至转色阶段是设施桃可食部分-果肉对硒元素吸收的活跃期;硒肥的施用方式不仅影响硒元素在果皮、果肉和果核及果肉和叶片等各部位的累积顺序,而且显著影响硒元素的利用效率,叶面喷硒的硒元素利用率远高于土壤根际施硒的硒元素利用率。综上,设施桃从坐果到果实成熟,采用叶面喷硒,尤其是加强果实硬核至果实转色阶段的施用,是设施桃富硒果品生产的关键措施。此外,抑制设施桃果实成熟前后新梢的补偿性生长是减轻或避免果实中硒元素外流的重要措施。     

Chronic otitis externa with heat shock protein 70-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in the ceruminous gland epithelium of a Chihuahua dog

A Chihuahua dog showed persistent itching in the right ear canal. Anti-inflammatory medicines and prednisolone were ineffective and total ear canal ablation was performed. Histological diagnosis was chronic otitis externa. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (Cowdry type A and full-type) were occasionally observed in the ceruminous gland epithelium. The inclusion bodies were negative for nucleic acid and ultrastructurally composed of fibrous structures (approximately 10 nm in width). Viral infection was initially suspected, but polymelase chain reaction tests did not detect the expected viral genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the inclusion bodies were positive for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), suggesting that these bodies could be protein aggregates including HSP70. The etiology of this lesion has not been elucidated, but chronic inflammation may influence the cytoplasm-to-nuclear transportation of HSP70. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of canine chronic otitis externa with HSP70-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies.     

瘤胃源益生菌对小鼠生长和生理特性的影响

试验旨在对筛选出的6种瘤胃源益生菌进行小鼠试验,以期为其在畜禽养殖业的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。选取5周龄雄性昆明小鼠56只,随机分为7组：生理盐水对照组、解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21组、枯草芽孢杆菌Lw-K16组、乳酸菌Lw-R35组、产蛋白酶菌Lw-D48组、产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组和酵母菌Lw-JM70组,试验组每天以0.2 mL/10 g体重剂量连续灌胃42 d,对照组灌喂相同剂量的生理盐水,比较并分析灌胃不同益生菌对小鼠体重、肠道菌群数量、脂肪积累量、免疫器官指数和血糖降解能力等的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠体重增加明显（P>0.05）,同时可显著减少小鼠体内的脂肪积累（P<0.05）。乳酸菌Lw-R35和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠肠道中的乳酸菌和总厌氧菌数量均显著或极显著增多（P<0.05;P<0.01）。各益生菌组小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数均有显著或极显著提高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,且可不同程度提高小鼠血糖的调节能力。综上所述,用筛选出的6种天然益生菌饲喂小鼠可改善其肠道微生态环境、免疫器官指数和血糖调节能力等。     

宁夏盐池草地典型群落枯落物与土壤和水热的关系

摘要：利用原位观测法及分解袋埋放法对宁夏盐池县草地生态系统典型群落枯落物进行研究,得到以下结果,1）试验地冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）、沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)枯落物蓄积月动态与月降水量、均温没有显著相关性,4种枯落物蓄积量10月达最大值,且月波动变异系数较高,为71.77%~107.91%;2）各典型群落枯落物含水量与土壤含水量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;3）各典型群落枯落物的分解能引起土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的变化,但是对土壤全磷、全钾的影响不明显。     

Developmental competence of heat stressed oocytes from Holstein and Limousine cows matured in vitro

The negative effects of heat stress on dairy cattle's fertility have been extensively studied, but the relevant knowledge for beef cattle is rather limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of HS during in vitro maturation on the developmental potential of oocytes derived from Limousine and Holstein cows and to estimate the effect of the differential gene expression of important genes in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts in the growth competence between the breeds. In seven replicates, cumulus oocyte complexes from Holstein and Limousine cows were matured for 24 hr at 39°C (controls C; Hol_39, Lim_39) or at 41°C from hour 2 to hour 8 of IVM (treated T; Hol_41, Lim_41), fertilized, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days at 39°C. Cleavage and embryo formation rates were evaluated 48 hr post-insemination and on days 7, 8 and 9, respectively. From all groups, subsets of cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts were analysed for the relative expression of genes related to metabolism, stress, apoptosis and placentation. No difference was detected in cleavage rate or in blastocyst formation rate among the control groups. In both breeds, heat stress reduced blastocyst yield, but at all days the suppression was higher in Limousines. In Holsteins, altered gene expression was detected in cumulus cells (G6PD, GLUT1) and blastocysts (PLAC8), while in Limousines, differences were found in oocytes (G6PD, HSP90AA1), in cumulus cells (CPT1B, HSP90AA1, SOD2) and blastocysts (DNMT, HSP90AA1, SOD2). It appears that Holstein COCs are more tolerant than Limousine COCs, possibly due to compulsory, production driven selection.     

氯化钾缓解肉仔鸡热应激的研究

120只28日龄艾维茵(AVIAN)肉仔鸡随机分为1、2、3、4组.1组为对照组,饮自来水;2、3、4组为试验组,分别饮添加0.18％、0.26％、0.34％氯化钾的自来水.舍温控制在34±1℃.试验期为4周.结果,各组鸡增重、采食量、饲料效率、饮水量的顺序均为第4组→第3组→第2组→第1组.饮水中添加KCI,肉仔鸡血清K~ 浓度高于对照组,而直肠温度、呼吸率及血清尿酸浓度则相反.血清Na~ 前两周3、4组显著低于1组,以后趋于一致.血细胞压积(PCV)、血液PH、CO_2分压(PCO_2)、氧分压(PO_2)、碳酸氢根(HCO_3)和血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、白/球比以及血糖,组间均差异不显著.本试验表明,饮水中添加KCI能较好地缓解热应激对肉仔鸡生长的影响,增强肉仔鸡对高温的耐受性,并可提高其生产性能.     

3种死菌悬液制备方法对PMA-qPCR结果的影响

本试验利用热灭活致死法、超声裂解致死法和紫外线照射法3种制备结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的方法,比较不同灭菌方法制备的死菌对PMA-qPCR偶联技术结果的影响,选择结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的最佳制备方法制备后续试验中用到的结核分支杆菌死菌;探索PMA-qPCR偶联技术的适用范围和局限性.结果表明,热灭活法和超声裂解致死法制备的结核分支杆菌死菌悬液影响PMA-qPCR检测的Ct值的变化;紫外线照射法制备的结核分支杆菌死菌悬液对PMA-qPCR检测的Ct值没有影响;热灭活法是制备结核分支杆菌死菌悬液的最佳方法;PMA-qPCR偶联技术不适用于细胞膜无损伤致死法制备死菌的检测.     

Overexpression of a small heat‐shock‐protein gene enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world which survives from various abiotic stresses in natural environments with specific stress‐involved genes expressed. Plant sHSPs (small heat‐shock proteins) were reported to respond to abiotic stresses. To improve the understanding of sHSPs in rice, we characterized heat‐shock‐protein gene OsHSP18.6 here. OsHSP18.6 could be induced by diverse stresses, such as drought, salt and cold, especially under heat. The gene was found expressed in root, stem, leaf, internode and spikelet. Overexpression of OsHSP18.6 results in increased thermotolerance and exhibits universal tolerance to stresses tested, including heat, drought, salt and cold. Lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and greater activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in OsHSP18.6‐overexpression rice under heat and drought. OsHSP18.6‐overexpression lines indicated decreased sterile rates under hot weather without remarkable changes in most of other agronomic traits compared with wild‐type plants.     

Effects of dietary supplemental methionine source and betaine replacement on the growth performance and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in normal and heat‐stressed broiler chickens

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental methionine (Met) source and betaine (Bet) replacement for Met on performance and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes (MRCEs) in normal and heat‐stressed broiler chickens. Total of 1,200‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks were allocated to two houses, each consisted of 12 treatments, five replicates of 10 birds each with 2 × 2×3 × 2 (temperature × Met source × Met level × Bet, respectively) split‐plot factorial arrangement. Met level in the basal diets was 70% requirements (Req) that was increased to the requirement or 130% by supplemental dl ‐ or l ‐Met. Bet was or was not substituted at the rate of 30% supplemental dl ‐ or l ‐Met. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in chicks fed 70% l ‐Met was lower than those fed 70% dl ‐Met diet during 1–10 days (p = 0.04). Broilers fed diets containing requirement or 130% Met, regardless of its source, showed higher weight gain (WG) than those received 70% Met diet during 11–42 days (p < 0.001). Feed intake (FI) of broilers fed 130% Met diet was decreased compared to other two groups during 11–42 days (p < 0.05). One hundred thirty percent Met requirement diet resulted in lower FCR comparing to other two groups during 11–42 days (p < 0.001). Heat‐stressed birds grew less than those under normal condition (p < 0.05). Broilers fed Req Met diet under normal temperature exhibited higher activities of complexes (Cox) I and III (p < 0.05). Cox I activity in heat‐stressed birds fed Bet + diet was similar to those fed Bet‐diet under normal temperature (p = 0.046). It is concluded that performance and the activities of Cox I and III were increased as the level of Met increased. Bet replacement for 30% supplemental Met resulted in similar consequences comparing to non‐Bet replacement diets on performance, but increased the activity of Cox III. l ‐Met was effective than dl ‐Met at the cellular level. High ambient temperature depressed performance and MRCE activity.     

Length of lags in responses of milk yield and somatic cell score on test day to heat stress in Holsteins

We used daily records from provincial Japanese weather stations and monthly test‐day records of milk production to investigate the length of the lags in the responses of cows’ milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) to heat stress (HS). We also investigated the HS thresholds in milk yield and SCS. Data were a total of 17,245,709 test‐day records for milk and SCS in Holstein cows that had calved for the first time between 2000 and 2015, along with weather records from 60 weather stations. Temperature–humidity index (THI) values were estimated by using average daily temperature and average daily relative humidity. Adjusted THI values were calculated by using temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model contained herd, calving year, month of test day, age group, days in milk, and THI as a fixed effect. THIs for each day from 14 days before the test day until the test day were used to represent the HS effects. The HS occurring 3 days, and between 8 and 10 days, before the test day had the greatest effect on the milk yield and SCS, respectively. The threshold THI values for the HS effect were about 60–65 for both traits.