硝普钠对NaCl胁迫下长春花幼苗光合及生物碱的影响

在温室沙培条件下,研究了不同浓度外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对50 mmol L-1NaCl胁迫下长春花幼苗生长、光合特性和生物碱的影响。结果表明:(1)在用0.05～2.0 mmol L-1 SNP缓解50 mmol L-1NaCl胁迫中,0.1mmol L-1 SNP缓解效果最好,长春花幼苗的鲜重、干重、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别较S1(50 mmol L-1NaCl)处理显著增加18.8%、13.9%、20.7%、19.1%、8.5%和32.6%,而细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)较S1处理显著降低10.3%。(2)当SNP浓度增加到0.5mmol L-1时,色氨酸脱羧酶(TDC)活性、吲哚总碱、长春碱、长春质碱、长春新碱和文多灵含量均达到最高,分别较S1显著增加33.4%、26.9%、32.3%、27.4%、68.8%和50.2%。综上所述:在50 mmol L-1NaCl胁迫下,0.1 mmol L-1SNP对提高光合作用,促进生长,增加生物量的作用最显著;而0.5 mmol L-1 SNP则对提高TDC活性,促进吲哚总碱和4种主要生物碱合成积累作用最显著。     

长春花盆栽基质筛选正交试验

应用正交试验对长春花盆栽生产基质进行了研究.结果表明: 泥碳∶珍珠岩∶锯木屑∶菇渣为3∶1∶2∶1(体积比)为最佳组合.     

Pattern of diversity for morphological and alkaloid yield related traits among the periwinkle Catharanthus roseus accessions collected from in and around Indian subcontinent

Thirty two accessions of periwinkle Catharanthus roseus collected from different semitemperate to tropical geographical areas of Indian subcontinent, Madagascar, Singapore and Malaysia were characterized under field conditions for 53 growth, development, morphogenesis and alkaloid yield related characters over a few seasons at Lucknow, India. Large differences were observed among the accessions for each of the characters examined. The differences among the accessions ranged 3, 80 and 15 fold for the alkaloid yield related traits – leaf dry matter yield and leaf vincristine and vinblastine concentration, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between leaf area and leaf yield with leaf alkaloid, root and root alkaloid yields, contents of dimeric alkaloid in leaves with yields of respective alkaloids, leaf number and root alkaloid content with leaf vinblastine yield and leaf vinblastine content with leaf vincristine and vinblastine yields. Multi-variate analyses allowed classification of the accessions into 5 to 7 morphologically and presumably genetically distinct groups. Generally, the accessions coming from tropical agro-climates tended to get separated from those having origins in subtropical to semi-temperate environments. Three clusters were observed to bear complementary characters for possibly cross-parenting high alkaloid yielding transgressive segregants. One of the accessions of C. roseus in which the leaf vincristine content was 5 fold and vinblastine content one and a half fold of the respective all accession means appeared suitable for the domesticated cultivation. It was proposed that accumulation of high amounts of total alkaloids and one or more dimeric alkaloids in leaves of certain accessions may be a reflection of reproductive fitness achieved under the biotic and abiotic stresses imposed on their parent populations, sometime in their evolutionary pathway.     

长春花接种丛枝菌根真菌对柑橘黄龙病菌的抑制效果

通过筛选获得具有显著促生和抗病能力的AM真菌菌株,为防治柑橘黄龙病提供理论依据和基础,并探索防治新途径。采用盆栽法,于长春花幼苗期分别接种17株AM真菌进行长春花农艺性状和对柑橘黄龙病的抗病性比较试验,研究不同丛枝菌根真菌菌株对长春花的促生效果及对柑橘黄龙病的抑制效果。结果表明,长春花接种AM真菌后,菌株GZ10、GZ5和JX70能显著促进植株生长,其中接种GZ10的株高和茎径分别比CK增加了23.1%和12.1%,接种GZ5的叶片数比CK增加了12.9%;接种菌株GZ1、BNMJ和PWJ有效提高了长春花对柑橘黄龙病的抗病和耐病能力,其相对防效分别为78.39%、66.87%和69.75%。     

脱落酸调节长春花中单萜吲哚生物碱的生物合成

利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术沉默长春花幼苗中ABA生物合成途径基因八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(Cr PDS)的表达,控制内源ABA的含量,并对其进行外源ABA处理,从而研究脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)对长春花中单萜吲哚生物碱(monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, MIAs)生物合成的影响。Real-time PCR结果显示,在ABA处理后,单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成基因CrTDC、CrNMT和CrD4H表达量显著上升。进一步实验表明,ABA生物合成途径基因CrPDS的沉默能够降低内源ABA水平,并通过下调单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成途径基因降低长春质碱和文朵灵的积累。外源ABA处理能够恢复这些基因的正常表达,由此确定单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成基因CrTDC、CrNMT和CrD4H能够响应ABA信号,并且在ABA介导的长春花单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成调控中发挥重要作用。     

Inheritance of morphological traits of periwinkle mutants with modified contents and yields of leaf and root alkaloids

Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus is a medicinally important plant producing anticancer and antihypertension alkaloids. Two mutants, one dwarf and one semidwarf and both, with a high alkaloid content in the roots and one mutant with a wavy leaf margin and a high alkaloid content in its leaves were obtained after induced chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulphonate and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea in the variety ‘Nirmal’, which is resistant to dieback disease. These mutants were evaluated in the M₃ and M₄ generations. The dwarf and semidwarf mutants differed from the parental variety for many morphological characters, while the mutant with the wavy leaf margin differed mainly in leaf size and leaf thickness. Although both dwarf and semidwarf mutants showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in their roots in both generations, only the semidwarf mutant gave a significantly higher (23%) root alkaloid yield than the parental variety. The mutant with the wavy leaf margin showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in the leaves in both the M₃ and M₄ generations and also had a significantly higher (21%) leaf alkaloid yield than the parental variety. All three mutants were found to be controlled by monogenic recessive genes; the genes for ‘dwarfness’ and ‘semidwarfness’ were allelic to each other, with the allele for semidwarfness being dominant over the allele for dwarfness. The gene for the wavy leaf margin was inherited independently of the genes for dwarfness and semidwarfness.     

不同光照条件下长春花的光合作用和叶绿素荧光动力学特征

【目的】探讨不同光强下长春花的光合生理特性,为长春花的种植提供理论指导。【方法】采用遮荫处理模拟不同的生境光强（100%、42.5%和12.5%自然光）,测定不同光强条件下生长的长春花叶片的比叶重（LMA）、光合色素含量、最大净光合速率(Pmax)、叶绿素荧光参数等光合生理指标,并对叶绿体的超微结构进行观察。【结果】随生境光强的减弱,最大净光合速率Pmax下降,12.5%光强下的Pmax是全光强下的71.4%。其它光合指标也发生适应性调整,相对正常光照,弱光下叶绿素含量上升,LMA、Chla/Chlb、Car/Chl、光饱和点（LSP）、光补偿点（LCP）下降。自然光照条件下叶绿体中的类囊体片层结构垛叠紧密,数量较多,随光强减弱,叶绿体基粒逐渐变大,基粒片层发育较差、并且数量逐渐减少。Fv/Fm,qP、NPQ及实际光量子效率ΦPSⅡ等随光强下降也都呈下降趋势。【结论】不同光强下生长的长春花叶片的光合作用和叶绿素荧光动力学特征存在很大差异。弱光条件下,尤其是12.5%光强重度弱光胁迫下,长春花叶片的光合作用受到严重影响,主要表现在ΦPSⅡ、qP和NPQ的下降,从而导致光合机构发育不良和光合能力的下降,影响其正常生长。     

乙酰水杨酸对增强UV-B辐射下长春花光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对增强UV-B辐射条件下长春花光合功能的调控作用,以长春花幼苗为试材,喷施一定浓度的乙酰水杨酸溶液,测定其在UV-B辐射增强下叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、MDA含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化,结果表明:UV-B辐射降低了长春花叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)及光合电子传递速率(ETR),提高了类胡萝卜素的含量和非光化学猝灭系数(qN).UV-B辐射引起了长春花叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低.2 mg/L的乙酰水杨酸处理则降低了UV-B辐射胁迫下上述指标的变化幅度.分析认为,乙酰水杨酸可能直接或间接地通过清除O2-.而使类囊体膜保持完整及光合色素免受UV-B的伤害,进而使PSⅡ维持较高的光化学活性和电子传递速率,这可能是乙酰水杨酸提高增强UV-B辐射下长春花光合速率的内在原因.     

大棚甜瓜嫁接栽培技术研究

1 品种选择及播期确定 1.1 砧木的选择 选择砧木应首先考虑与接穗要有较好的亲合力,即接穗与砧木嫁接后能够较好的愈合,发育旺盛以保证嫁接苗生产管理正常.其次要求砧木具有良好的适应能力,抗逆性强,抗病力强,且嫁接后不影响接穗果实品质.经过多年试验摸索,选用杂交白籽南瓜作为砧木即能提高抗病性又对果实品质影响小.     

长春花高效快繁技术研究

[目的]建立长春花高效的组织培养与无性快繁体系。[方法]以长春花种子为外植体,分别用1．1％有效氧的次氧酸钠溶液和0．196HgCl2溶液对长春花种子进行消毒,以MS为基本培养基,通过添加不同浓度的6-BA、IBA和N从,对脱毒后的长春花试管苗进行增殖和生根培养试验,确定长春花种子的最佳消毒时间,筛选长春花快繁的最佳培养基。[结果]用1．1％有效氯的次氯酸钠消毒长春花种子的最佳消毒时间是30min,种子发芽率达96．7％;最适宜的增殖培养基为MS＋0．40mg／L6-BA＋0．05mg／LIBA,外植体的增殖敷最多,且长势旺;诱导生根的最佳培养基为1／2MS＋0．10mg／L1BA＋0．10mg／LNAA,试管苗生根率达100％。[结论]次氯酸钠是长春花种子最好的消毒剂,最适宜的增殖培养基和生根培养基分别为MS＋0．40mg／L6-BA＋0．05mg／LIBA和I／2MS＋0．10mg／LIBA＋0．10mg／LNAA。