野生毛榛改接大果锥栗改接技术

通过无性繁殖技术对野生毛榛改接大果锥栗,可使改接后的锥栗果实大、丰产、稳产,可显著提高锥栗的经济效益。该文从选择品种、嫁接方法、病虫害防治等方面总结了野生毛榛改接大果锥栗的丰产技术。     

南亚热带不同林龄人工针阔混交林物种多样性研究

为系统评价南亚热带不同林龄人工针阔混交林生物多样性的状况,在广东省佛山市云勇林场选择立地条件相近的针阔混交林,对乔木层、灌木层和草本层的生物多样性进行了比较。针阔混交林分为3个林龄段,其中针阔混交林Ⅰ为10-11a生,针阔混交林Ⅱ为7-9a生,针阔混交林Ⅲ为3-5a生。生物多样性用物种丰富度指数（S）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H′）、Simpson优势度指数（D）和Pielou 均匀度指数（E）衡量。结果表明：随着林龄的增大,针阔混交林乔木层和灌木层植物种数先减小再增大,草本层则先增大再减小。针阔混交林乔木层重要值最大的科均为杉科,其重要值随林龄的增大呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,表明杉木在演替过程中不断衰退,逐渐被阔叶树种所取代。不同林龄针阔混交林乔木层主要以樟科、金缕梅科、山茶科、大戟科、芸香科和木兰科占优。在乔木层,重要值较高的造林树种包括米老排、阴香、山杜英、藜蒴、香樟、火力楠、楝叶吴茱萸,这些树种适宜于本地区杉木林改造;重要值较高的自然更新乔木物种为鸭脚木、山苍子、山麻黄和银柴。在灌木层,重要值较高的物种因林分而异,藜蒴、鸭脚木、山苍子、山黄麻等乔木树种的幼苗具有较高的重要值,表明部分造林树种能够实现自我更新,群落处于正向演替过程中。草本层以蔓生莠竹、弓果黍、蕨、乌毛蕨和假臭草等为主。随林龄的增加,乔木层S呈上升的趋势,而H′、D和E表现为先降低后升高;灌木层S表现为先降低后升高,而H′、D和E呈现出下降的趋势;草本层所有指数则表现为先升高后下降。多样性指数的变化也反映出林分改造促进了群落的演替。     

舒城县板栗林低产原因及改造技术

从管理粗放、栽植密度过大、病虫危害、肥水管理不当等方面分析了舒城县板栗林低产原因,并从选择优良品种、加强抚育管理、病虫害防治、加强帮扶力度等方面提出了板栗林改造技术,以促进板栗产量的提高。     

中国板栗栽培史考述

板栗原产于中国,是中国最早栽培的果树之一,栽培历史至少有6000年以上。中国板栗品种丰富,分布广泛,无论南方北方,大部分省份均有栽培。本文参考已有研究成果,通过相关考古资料和历史文献资料的考证,对中国板栗的起源、古代栽培技术、古代分布以及利用价值和储藏技术作了略约阐释。     

现有人工林体系的优化设计

对人工林体系的优化就是对其进行树种结构和龄级结构的调整,以实现人工林天然化。     

人工林UHF频段电波传播场强预测模型

人工林无线电波传播场强模型是合理设计人工林环境无线电遥测遥控等通信电路的理论依据.该文在分析无线电波传播机理的基础上确定了人工林UHF频段传播损耗的三大组成部分及相应的计算方法,提出了人工林中某接收点处电场强度的预测模型.经过对北京西山人工侧柏林中不同参数的场强测试数据进行分析,校验了所建模型具有很高的精度.      

栗属植物遗传多样性研究进展

壳斗科(Fagaceae)栗属(Castanea)植物包括7个种,即中国板栗(Castanea mollissima BL.)、茅栗(Castanea seguinii Dode.)、锥栗[Castanea henryi(skan) Rehd.et Wils.]、日本板栗(Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc.)、美洲板栗(Castanea dentate Marsh.)、美洲榛果栗(Castanea pumila Mill.)和欧洲板栗(Castanea sativa Mill.).不仅可用于木材生产,而且在坚果生产上也占有独特地位.基于同工酶、子叶储藏蛋白和RAPD数据,通过对分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美的栗属植物的遗传多样性研究表明中国板栗(Castanea mollissima)是世界栗属植物的原始种,长江流域是中国板栗的遗传多样性中心,土耳其是欧洲板栗的起源中心之一.     

Genetic Relationship between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanea sativa</Emphasis> Mill. Trees from North-western to South Spain Based on Morphological Traits and Isoenzymes

This study is focused in the main chestnut growing areas from north- to south-western Spain. We studied 50 accessions corresponding to 22 cultivars named by local growers; 11 from Andalucía, 9 from Castilla-León, and 2 from Extremadura. These were compared with 22 types classified previously in Galicia (82 accessions). Ten morphological traits and five isoenzyme systems were used to classify them and establish genetic relationships. A lower genetic variability has been found in Extremadura (middle Spain) and Andalucía (south) than in Galicia (north western) which may be because of the lower importance of the crop in those areas and the geographic barriers between them. Galicia could be the origin of the types found in Castilla-León, Extremadura, and south-western Andalucía, and the types found in Central Andalucía were closer to those found in Castilla-León and Extremadura. Most accessions studied (117/132) could be classified positively, making 37 out of 44 cultivars found from northern to southern Spain. Three groups of synonymies were found in Castilla-León: ‘Brava’ and ‘Negral’, ‘Gallego’ and ‘Injerto’, and ‘Rapega’ and ‘Verdello’. Most of the Spanish types have been propagated as a principal clone. Variability within the types is important and must be considered to select the best clones as cultivars.     

黄土高原区不同密度刺槐林冠层结构特征及月动态变化

为合理经营黄土高原区刺槐人工林,利用LAI-2200植物冠层分析仪,研究了不同密度刺槐人工林冠层结构特征及月变化。结果表明:密度对LAI(叶面积指数)有影响,随着密度的增加,林分叶面积指数趋于一致;在生长月份上,LAI为先增后降趋势,最大值出现在6月底。密度与冠层开度呈显著负相关,随着密度的增加,刺槐林DIFN明显降低,925～1 125株/hm2与其他3个密度林分有显著性差异;DIFN(无截取散射)随月份的变化均呈"V"字型变化,在6月底至8月初DIFN最低。密度与MTA(平均叶倾角)呈显著正相关,密度在925～1 125株/hm2范围的刺槐林分,叶片几乎处于水平状态,其他3种密度林分MTA均在40°～50°之间有最大分布频率,而月份对MTA影响不显著。对叶面积指数与冠层开度进行回归分析,发现两者之间呈指数回归关系(R2=0.998)。     

Herbivory, pathogens, and epiphylls in Araucaria Forest and ecologically-managed tree monocultures

Over the last centuries, natural forests have been replaced by extensive and homogeneous tree monocultures that cause strong impacts on ecological interactions and ecosystem processes. We expect, however, that ecologically-sustainable management practices can help to mitigate these effects. This study investigates how the replacement of Araucaria Forest by ecologically-managed tree monocultures affects leaf damage patterns produced by external chewers, internal chewers, leaf miners, galling insects, and pathogens, as well as the incidence of epiphylls. The study was performed in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest (southern Brazil) on 12 1-ha plots of Araucaria Forest and ecologically managed plantations of Araucaria, Pinus and Eucalyptus. Overall, 9955 leaves of the understory community (up to 1 m tall) were sampled and analyzed. The mean and the frequency distribution pattern of leaf damage were very similar between Araucaria Forest and all three tree monocultures. Also, there was no difference between habitats in the percentage of leaves attacked by different feeding guilds of insect herbivores and by pathogens. Araucaria Forest had a higher percentage of leaves with epiphylls than Eucalyptus plantation, probably due to its shadier and moister microclimate. Ecologically managed tree monocultures sustain a wide variety of herbivorous insects, pathogens and epiphylls which helps the maintenance of key ecological interactions and the functioning of the ecosystem.