吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放碳量的月变化

根据吉林省1969—2004年的森林火灾统计数据,计算出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾碳释放量的月变化。为了充分减少由于森林火灾排放的碳量,应重点防范白桦林9、10和2月,阔叶林9、5、10、4、3和11月,针阔混交林9、11、4和10月,落叶松林4、3、10和5月,柞树林5、4、9、10和3月,杨树林和红松林9月的森林火灾。     

武汉园博园碳汇效能综合研究

随着生态宜居城市的建设,城市绿地固碳释氧的环境改善功能逐步受到重视,植被碳汇的量化研究也逐渐成为科学评价绿地环境效益的主要内容。文章以武汉园博园为研究对象,利用RS/GIS,结合美国景观绩效平台的National Tree Benefit Calculator (国家树木效益计算器),计算出武汉园博园的林木植被在2017年的碳汇效能及相应的经济价值,探讨武汉园博园的生态功能和价值。     

林业碳汇项目类型及开发策略分析

以项目为载体的林业碳汇作为重要交易标的,已经在国内外主要的碳交易市场体系中频繁出现。但是,由于不同碳市场产生的背景、主要目标及交易规则的差异,对参与交易的林业碳汇项目开发标准与具体要求不尽相同。合格的可交易林业碳汇在全球林业碳汇市场中所占份额依然很小,林业碳汇尚未发挥其应有的作用与潜力。文中在对国内外林业碳汇市场发展概况进行简要梳理并对目前主要林业碳汇项目类型及其特征进行比较分析的基础上,结合我国碳市场发展与森林经营特点,提出了我国林业碳汇的未来发展策略:一是立足国内,建立多元化林业碳汇市场;二是立足资源优势,重点发展森林经营碳汇项目;三是加强林业基础数据与信息化建设,降低林业碳汇项目交易成本;四是加强不同碳市场衔接与协同,并积极参与国际市场交易。     

江门市城区行道树碳储量

采用材积源-生物量法（Volume-Biomass Method）对江门市行道树的碳储量进行研究。计算了芒果Mangifera indica、高山榕Ficus altissima、美丽异木棉Chorisia speciosa、蒲葵Livistona chinensis、海南红豆Ormosia pinnata、尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla、乌墨Syzygium cumini和火焰树Spathodea campanulata等8种行道树的立木碳储量,进而估算江门市城区行道树的碳储量。结果表明：江门市主要行道树平均树高8.92±0.19 m,平均胸径23.18±0.49 cm,平均蓄积量0.22±0.01 m3,生物量为5166.69 t,碳储量为2546.75 t,单株碳储量乌墨最高。可见行道树具有重要的碳汇功能,对改善江门市的城市生态环境有积极的作用。     

大岭山城市森林公园在东莞低碳城市建设中的碳汇能力

根据2005年和2008年的森林资源小班数据,采用生物量转换因子连续函数法,对东莞市大岭山城市森林公园的森林植物的碳储量、碳密度及碳汇量进行了分析。结果表明:大岭山森林公园3年来共吸收二氧化碳9.069万t,平均每年吸收二氧化碳3.023万t,森林碳汇能力每年7.34t/hm2,这说明城市森林公园的碳汇能力对于城市低碳经济建设作用明显。     

发展低碳经济 建设低碳林业

在应对经济与环境的双重危机过程中,发展低碳经济成为推进人类可持续发展的重要共识。林业是发展低碳经济的重要力量,建设低碳林业是我国实现科学发展、建设生态文明、应对气候变化以及解决"三农"问题的重要途径。文中综述了低碳经济发展的理论基础与发展路径,分析了国内外低碳经济的发展现状与趋势,阐述了我国林业所面临的重要低碳发展机遇,指出中国林业应对气候变化的主要建设行动。     

江西省造林再造林碳汇项目发展潜力的评价指标探讨

文章对江西省清洁发展机制造林再造林碳汇项目发展潜力的评价进行分析研究,通过对土地资源、林木生长率、生物多样性、造林成本、农民收入等有关评价指标的分析,表明江西省实施CDM-AR项目具有明显的优势和巨大的潜力。     

森林植被碳贮量估算及分析

文章基于岳阳市2009年森林资源统计数据,对全市森林植被类型的生物量、碳贮量和碳密度进行初步估算。结果表明:岳阳市森林植被碳贮量为9.238Tg,其中,平江县的森林植被C贮量最大,为3.606Tg,占总C贮量的39.03%。各森林类型的C贮量来看,松木林的C贮量最大,为2.754Tg,占总C贮量的29.81%。岳阳市森林植被平均C密度为16.02t.hm-2,各县市区森林植被的C密度为13.39~27.10t.hm-2,森林植被平均C密度最大是云溪区,为29.02t.hm-2,各森林类型中阔叶树的C密度最大,为27.24t.hm-2,是全市森林植被平均C密度的近2倍。       

Soil organic carbon fractions and humic substances are affected by land uses of Caatinga forest in Brazil

Caatinga is a Brazilian dry ecosystem that occupies around 1 million km² and is one of the largest tropical dry forests of the world. About 46% of the area that was originally covered has been deforested. Land use can cause pronounced reduction in soil carbon stocks that play a major role in the global carbon cycle. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the effect of land use on oxidizable carbon fractions, total carbon stocks and humic substances in different layers of soil in a Brazilian semi-arid region. We analyzed soils from tropical dry forest (TDF), forest succession with Anadenanthera falcata (ANA), with Tabebuia alba (TAB), secondary scrubby regeneration (SCR), and non-irrigated maize (MS). Forests showed larger fractions of more labile carbon, except for TDF. The most recalcitrant fraction of carbon stock, humin fraction stock, with the different land use decreased by 38–53% compared to TDF. Oxidizable carbon fractions, carbon stocks, and humic fraction stocks were able to differentiate the successional land uses and agricultural cover from TDF, mainly in the 0–5?cm layer. Our results show that changes in land use, especially with ANA forest succession, showed a larger labile carbon fraction, indicating easy decomposition and loss. Our results provide an alternative tool for the management of deforested areas in tropical dry caatinga ecosystems. This would contribute to the conservation of dry forest systems and could serve as guideline for sustainable management of agriculturally impacted caatinga areas.     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.