Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to −6464 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in FS and −5757 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement.     

八轮四摆臂无人机动平台越障性能分析与试验

针对南方山区丘陵地带地形复杂、传统农田运输车辆通过性不足的问题,提出并设计了一种具有仿生液压驱动摆臂机构的八轮无人机动平台,其车体姿态可通过四摆臂协同动作进行调节,以适应不同形式地面障碍。越障性能是制约平台通过性的根本因素,建立了无人平台姿态规划模型和关键越障过程动力学模型,得到无人平台在典型垂直障碍的越障性能。为验证理论分析,在ADAMS建立了二次开发仿真平台,并进行了样机动力性试验。研究表明,八轮四摆臂无人机动平台可攀爬高度为轮胎直径1. 13倍的垂直障碍,具有良好的复杂地面环境通过能力,可满足丘陵地带农用运输车辆在复杂农田地形的行走需求。     

Microbial response to exudates in the rhizosphere of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) after dormancy

Plants act as an important link between atmosphere and soil: CO2 is transformed into carbohydrates by photosynthesis. These assimilates are distributed within the plant and translocated via roots into the rhizosphere and soil microorganisms. In this study, 3 year old European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) were exposed after the chilling period to an enriched ¹³C–CO₂ atmosphere (δ¹³C = 60‰ – 80‰) at the time point when leaves development started. Temporal dynamics of assimilated carbon distribution in different plant parts, as well as into dissolved organic carbon and microbial communities in the rhizosphere and bulk soil have been investigated for a 20 days period. Photosynthetically fixed carbon could be traced into plant tissue, dissolved organic carbon and total microbial biomass, where it was utilized by different microbial communities. Due to carbon allocation into the rhizosphere, nutrient stress decreased; exudates were preferentially used by Gram-negative bacteria and (mycorrhizal) fungi, resulting in an enhanced growth. Other microorganisms, like Gram-positive bacteria and mainly micro eucaryotes benefited from the exudates via food web development. Overall our results indicate a fast turnover of exudates and the development of initial food web structures. Additionally a transport of assimilated carbon into bulk soil by (mycrorhizal) fungi was observed.     

氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株和土壤中的残留动态研究

为了制定氯嘧磺隆在大豆上的安全使用标准,将50%氯嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂于大豆生长期进行茎叶喷雾处理,用高效液相色谱法,研究了氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株及土壤中的残留动态,测定了氯嘧磺隆在大豆及土壤中的残留量.两年的试验结果表明,氯嘧磺隆在大豆植株中比在土壤中消解得快,其半衰期分别8.77～8.86 h和10.47～11.07 d.大豆收获期籽粒中最终残留量低于0.005 mg/kg,土壤中最终残留量低于0.003 mg/kg.     

利用系统动力学模型通过选择定植期最大化香蕉种植收益

为获得香蕉种植收益最大时的定植期,本文尝试利用系统动力学建模方式,对香蕉定植期进行选择。该模型通过模拟海南岛西部采用较多的一年一造种植方式,考虑香蕉价格和果串钟随季节的波动。模型只需输入逐周气温数据既可以输出该轮种植期内的总收益。模型的准确性经过2007-2008年东方地区香蕉发育情况拟合与验证。模拟结果表明在第22-25周（即5月下旬到六月中上旬）定植香蕉可以获取最大经济收益,与其他定植期相比可以增加经济受益40%。该模型的建立为下一步估算气候变化对香蕉种植的经济影响奠定基础。     

遗传算法在离心泵叶片优化设计中的应用

对遗传算法在流体机械优化设计中的应用现状作了较为全面的总结；提出了将遗传算法应用于离心泵叶片优化设计中，分析了遗传算法在离心泵优化设计中应用的可行性以及存在的问题；对离心泵优化设计的发展提出了一些新建议和尝试。     

8自由度乘坐动力学模型及时域仿真

为克服频率响应法对车辆平顺性预测的局限性，建立了8自由度的汽车乘坐动力学模型和随机路面激励的时域模型。乘坐动力学模型考虑了包括坐椅在内的车辆的垂直、俯仰和侧倾3种运动。利用MATLAB／SIMULINK仿真工具对某型车辆在B级路面行驶时的平顺性进行了时域仿真分析。研究结果表明，此方法能够快速地对车辆在随机路面行驶的平顺性进行预测和评价。     

红车轴草总黄酮对小鼠免疫功能的影响

［目的］研究红车轴草总黄酮对小鼠免疫功能的影响。［方法］设计迟发变态反应试验、炭粒廓清试验、脏器指数试验,每个试验均用40只小鼠,随机分成4组,设对照组与高、中、低剂量3个试验组。3个试验组分别给予85 mg/（kg·d）（高剂量组）,53 mg/（kg·d）（中剂量组）,22 mg/（kg·d）（低剂量组）红车轴草总黄酮灌胃,对照组以吐温-盐水液灌胃。［结果］3个试验组48 h足跖增厚与对照组均有增加,以中剂量试验组增加显著（P〈0.05）;中剂量组与低剂量组的吞噬指数较对照组有显著增高（P〈0.05）;脏器指数试验结果表明,试验组与对照组均有增加,但没有显著的统计学意义。［结论］试验全面评价了红车轴草总黄酮的各种生理药理功能及其对免疫功能的影响,为其开发应用提供了可靠的参考资料。     

稻粉虱Aleurocybotusindicus的研究

本文描述了稻粉虱的形态特征，研究了稻粉虱的为害习性、生物学特性、生活史、世代历期、种群动态、寄主、越冬和防治方法．结果表明，稻粉虱在福州地区１ａ发生８代，第３、４、５代是为害水稻的主害代，应用扑虱灵防治稻粉虱，防治效果达到９０％以上     

花生新品种‘莆花2号’生育特性研究

‘莆花2号’是莆田市农业科学研究所以‘农大MF7-CS2-1’为母本,‘泉花10号’为父本杂交选育而成的花生新品种。该品种各生育期的农艺性状优良,具有种子活力强、有效花率高、叶面积指数大、净同化率高、干物质积累多等高产特点,是旱地、水田皆适宜推广种植的优良新品种。