浅析影响农村和农民稳定的主要问题及对策

文章通过调查分析了目前巴彦淖尔市农村和农民存在的不稳定问题有：（1）利益分配的冲突和历史遗留问题;（2）农村用水收费的问题;（3）农村基层组织建设问题。针对这些问题提出具体解决对策为：（1）针对土地承包管理问题的对策是加强政策法律宣传教育,完善制度,合理合法解决纠纷;（2）农民用水负担问题的对策是增加管理科学性和准确性及服务意识,接受群众监督;（3）农村基层组织建设问题的对策是提高领导干部的整体素质并在村级实行民主决策。     

An accelerometric measure of the gait pattern in horses after the administration of sublingual detomidine

The locomotor pattern alterations produced after the administration of a sublingual detomidine gel was measured by an accelerometric method in horses. Using a randomized two-way crossover design, all animals (n = 6) randomly received either detomidine gel or a placebo administered sublingually. A triaxial accelerometric device was used for gait assessment 15 minutes before (baseline) and every 10 minutes after each treatment for a period of 180 minutes. Eight different parameters were calculated, including speed, stride frequency, stride length, regularity, dorsoventral, propulsion, mediolateral, and total power. Force of acceleration and the three components of power were also calculated. Significant statistical differences were observed between groups in all the parameters but stride length. The majority of significant changes started between 30 and 70 minutes after drug administration and lasted for 160 minutes. This route of administration is definitely useful in horses in which a prolonged sedation is required, with stability being a major concern.     

电动汽车盘式制动器热-结构耦合场的分析

以某电动汽车的前轮盘式制动器为研究对象,基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS采用非线性有限元多物理场方法建立盘式制动器有限元模型;在确定模型求解的分析步、载荷以及边界条件的基础上进行盘式制动器的热-结构耦合场的仿真分析;通过在紧急制动工况下对实例电动汽车盘式制动器热-结构耦合场的瞬态应力场与温度场进行的仿真分析,得到了制动盘的温度场和应力场分布图,结果表明所设计的电动汽车盘式制动器制动盘的强度满足要求。     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw camel milk samples

In the present study 320 milk samples collected from 160 apparently healthy camels of three different locations in Sudan were investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus resulting in the isolation of this bacterial pathogen from 28 milk samples from 24 camels. Twenty-five S. aureus were identified phenotypically and by PCR mediated amplification of species-specific genes or gene segments. Investigation of the S. aureus for toxinogenic potential revealed that three S. aureus strains were positive for the enterotoxin encoding gene sec and the genes seg, sei, sem, sen and seo, representing the egc gene cluster. In addition all 25 S. aureus were positive for the superantigen-like encoding gene ssl7 (set1). Partial sequencing of gene sec of the three S. aureus strains yielded an almost complete sequence identity to the sequence of the sec variant sec2. However, all three sec2 genes of the present study showed a deletion of one base causing a frame shift and a corresponding earlier stop codon.According to the present results, the raw camel milk collected from three locations in Sudan seems to be, at least at this stage, of minor importance as vector causing staphylococcal food poisoning.     

Plant diversity enhances the reliability of belowground processes

Theory predicts that the probability that an ecosystem will provide a consistent level of functioning over a given unit of time, i.e. the reliability of ecosystem processes, should increase with species richness. There is growing evidence that plant diversity increases the temporal stability of productivity, but only a few studies have investigated its impact on the reliability of ecosystem processes, and information on whether this propagates to the belowground system is virtually lacking. Using a microcosm experiment with plant communities varying in species and functional group diversity and two decomposer groups (earthworms and Collembola) we investigated the effects of plant diversity on the reliability of the belowground system and vice versa, the effect of decomposers on the reliability of plant productivity. Generally, plant diversity increased the reliability of above- and belowground processes by significantly increasing the reliability of eight out of eleven measured ecosystem parameters (six out of nine belowground responses). Plant functional group diversity had a stronger stabilising effect than species richness on above- and belowground processes including plant shoot and total biomass, microbial basal respiration and Collembola densities. By contrast, in the presence of both decomposer groups the reliability of decomposer populations was reduced. The results indicate that plant diversity effects propagate into the belowground system and increase the reliability of belowground processes via more consistent plant derived belowground inputs.     

长期施用有机肥对旱地红壤团聚体结构与稳定性的影响

利用长期定位试验研究了红壤旱地团聚体结构及其稳定性。结果表明:与对照相比,各有机-无机配施处理均可不同程度地降低土壤容重并提高其孔隙度;增施有机肥后,土壤中大于5mm机械稳定性大团聚体增幅达2%～42%;各处理中大于0.25mm水稳性团聚体百分含量为:厩肥稻草绿肥还田对照。各有机肥处理中土壤中有机质、无定形氧化铁和无定形氧化铝含量较单施化肥处理分别增加了9%～54%、8.5%～21.7%和10.9%～26.8%。统计结果显示,0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量与土壤有机质含量成极显著正相关(p0.01);土壤团聚体破坏率与土壤有机质含量成极显著负相关(p0.01)。在单施化肥的基础上有机肥的施入不仅有利于红壤旱地土壤大团聚体的形成,还有利于改善土壤团聚体结构及其稳定性。     

履带板、齿间黏附底质对集矿机附着性能的影响

为优化设计集矿机的机构,分析了行走履带板、齿间黏附稀软底质对集矿机附着性能的影响。该文分析了集矿机的履带板、齿与稀软底质的黏附,通过建立集矿机在稀软底质上的附着力数学模型,理论研究稀软底质的物理力学参数和集矿机结构参数对其附着性能的影响。稀软底质的物理力学特性和履带板、齿材料特性等因素影响了底质的黏附,稀软底质在链环上依次分布沿前进方向逐渐减少,黏附底质使集矿机的附加重量和接地压力约增加25%。集矿机的附着力由内聚作用力、驱动力、摩擦阻力和内摩擦作用力等组成,前二者分别约占附着力的40.6%和33.8%,内摩擦作用力和摩擦阻力可忽略。履齿的有效剪切高度降低,大大降低了集矿机的附着力,集矿机的齿高应设计为15 cm。履带板、齿间黏附底质降低了集矿机的附着性能。     

Prevalence of Listeria species in camel sausages from retail markets in Aydin province in Turkey and RAPD analysis of Listeria monocytogenesisolates

Samples were taken from 100 camel sausages from the different retail markets in Aydin province in the south-west of Turkey and they were tested for the presence of Listeria spp by biochemical methods. Samples were enriched using Listeria Enrichment Broth and they were inoculated onto Listeria Selective Agar. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nine samples (9%), Listeria innocua from 14 samples (14%) and Listeria welshimeri from two samples(2%). A 701 bp fragment of listeriolysin O sequence for L. monocytogenes was amplified using specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of the identification. A random primer (OPA-11) was used in a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. This detected five different band profiles amongst the L. monocytogenes isolates, indicating a relatively large amount of genetic heterogeneity amongst the nine isolates. The study has highlighted the need for improved strategies for food safety, in particular appropriate hygienic precautions to avoid contamination of sausage during the manufacturing process and appropriate preservation techniques during storage and transport, to prevent transmission of Listeria spp to consumers at home and abroad.     

Cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in clinically normal tarsal joints of young camels (Camelus dromedarius)

BACKGROUND: Camels are important in the racing industry and for milk, meat, and hair production in the Middle East. Evaluation of synovial fluid is an important part of the assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in this species. Information in the literature regarding synovial fluid in camels is limited. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the protein and cellular composition of synovial fluid from the tarsal joints of clinically normal, young camels (Camelus dromedarius). METHODS: Thirty clinically healthy, male camels, aged 9 to 12 months, were used in the study. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the right and left tarsal joints. Samples were processed within 60 minutes after collection. Total nucleated cell counts (TNCC) were assessed using a hemacytometer. Total protein concentration was determined using a refractometer. RESULTS: Forty-six samples were analyzed. The TNCC (mean +/- SD) was 175.8 +/- 136.7 cells/microL (range 50-678 cells/microL). Differential cell percentages were obtained for lymphocytes (58.2 +/- 21.55%, range 15-90%), monocyte/macrophages (38.3 +/- 20.8%, range 10-85%), and neutrophils (3.5 +/- 5.1%, range 0-15%). Protein concentration was 2.1 +/- 0.6 g/dL (range 1-3 g/dL). Significant differences were not observed in any parameters between right and left tarsal joints. CONCLUSION: Synovial fluid reference values were established and may be useful in the clinical investigation of joint disease in young camels.     

兽用微乳基质的研制及稳定性和增溶性考察

选用液体石蜡为油相,吐温-80为表面活性剂,司盘-80为助表面活性剂,去离子水为水相,在制备三元相图的基础上,考察微乳区的分布范围,筛选最优处方,考察其稳定性,以利福平为模型药物考察其对难溶性药物的增溶。结果:电镜检测该微乳基质的平均粒径在30 nm,该微乳基质稳定性好,并能增加难溶性药物的溶解度。结论:该基质可作为一种兽用药物载体增加难溶性药物,以提高难溶性药物的生物利用度。