单旋翼农用无人机辅助杂交水稻制种授粉效果研究

2012～2015年采用单旋翼农用无人机分别在湖南、海南、广东杂交水稻制种基地对10个杂交组合父母本大行比制种,在不同自然风速条件下辅助授粉,通过田间花粉密度观测、母本异交结实率及制种产量考查研究授粉效果.结果表明,父母本行比6∶(40～60),单旋翼农用无人机辅助授粉的结实率和产量可达到甚至高于人工辅助授粉,说明单旋翼农用无人机可用于杂交水稻制种辅助授粉,促进制种全程机械化.     

3D虚拟仿真技术在体育馆购票系统开发中的应用研究

根据车辆路径问题的数学模型,分析了它的具体特征,从而对BA的操作算子又进行了重新定义,设计了求解VRP问题的离散蝙蝠算法,并通过实例测试将离散蝙蝠算法与其他算法进行比较,验证了该算法求解VRP问题的有效性与可行性.     

新能源汽车电池散热风扇驱动系统设计

采用基于Contex-M3架构的STM32系列单片机作为主控芯片,在uvision4环境中以C语言设计驱动系统软件;通过设计制作的系统硬件电路板,在新能源汽车电池散热风扇上进行空载试验,测试驱动系统对散热风扇的控制效果,并比较求反正切和锁相环2种转子位置信息估算方法的差异性．     

桥头跳车的成因分析与防治处理

简单分析了公路桥头跳车的各种原因,对解决桥头跳车问题的防治技术进行了总结。     

Gastric ulcers in standardbred racehorses: prevalence,lesion description,and risk factors

This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of gastric ulcers in Standardbred racehorses, to describe the lesion score and location, and to identify potential risk factors. Two hundred seventy-five (275) Standardbred horses from 5 training centers and 2 racetracks in Quebec, Canada, were studied. Historical data for the 2 months before examination were recorded for each horse, and the presence of gastric ulcers was determined by gastroscopy. A previously reported scoring system that used grades 0-3 for gastric lesions was used. Overall, 121 horses (44.0%; 95% CI, 38.1-50.1%) had gastric ulcers. The prevalence of gastric ulcers was significantly higher (P < .0001) in actively racing horses (63.3%; 95% CI, 54.7-71.2%) than in horses at rest. Multivariate analysis defined that horses in racing (OR = 9.29; 95% CI, 3.55-24.3) were significantly more likely to have gastric ulcers than horses at rest and that trotters (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.28-3.86) were more likely to have gastric ulcers than pacers. The number of lesion sites (P < .0001) and poor body condition (P < .0001) were significantly associated with lesion scores. Gastric ulcers are highly prevalent in Standardbred racehorses. Furthermore, actively racing horses and trotters are more likely to have gastric ulcers. Also, poor body condition in Standardbred racehorses may be an indication that gastric ulcers are present and that lesion scores are high. The cause-and-effect relationship between poor body condition and the presence of gastric ulcers is unclear.     

Appraisal of the sustainability of dairy goat systems in Southern Spain according to their degree of intensification

This investigation aims to classify, describe and evaluate the sustainability of dairy goat production systems (GPS) in South Spain Sierra de Cadiz. The research took place throughout 25 goat farms during the 2001–2002 campaigns, with the method posed by Masera et al. (1999) [Masera, O., Astier, M., S., López-Ridaura. 1999. Sustentabilidad y manejo de recursos naturales. El marco de evaluación MESMIS (Sustainability and natural resource management. The MESMIS evaluation framework). Mundi-Prensa, S.A., Gira, IE-UNAM, México. 109 pp.] and adapted to animal production systems, as the guideline and framework to evaluate sustainability.

The principal component, namely energy input from grazing (eigenvalue 1.329) which comprises the indicators total area per goat (factorial value 0.664) together with net energy obtained from grazing (factorial value 0.903) allowed to differentiate significantly between semi extensive (SES), semi intensive (SIS) and intensive (IS) goat production systems.

Intensification of the GPS tends to be inefficient, especially in terms of net margin per litre of milk produced (p < 0.05). A higher degree of adaptability of IS (64.8%) derives from a higher investment on new production strategies. Likewise, higher self-management capacity of SES (60.9%) fosters standards of productivity (76.0%) and stability (42.9%). The SIS presented the highest equity values (67.8%).

On the whole, sustainability of GPS tends to decrease as the degree of intensification increases: SES = 57.3%; SIS = 55.7% and IS = 53.1%. The reduction of the dependency on external input alongside with the optimization of natural resources management would surely improve the standard of sustainability.     

化肥减施对小麦-高粱系统土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性的影响

当前我国农户的肥料施用量已远超全球平均水平,所造成的土壤退化问题十分严重,因此控制我国肥料施用量已经迫在眉睫。研究肥料减施对土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性的影响,设置农户常规用量（CK）、常规用量的75%（UA_75%）、常规用量的50%（UA_50%）、常规用量的25%（UA_25%）4个处理,通过对土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性分析得出：短期化肥减施对机械稳定性团聚体分布几乎无影响,但显著增加了水稳性大团聚体（粒径>0.25mm）的数量。短期化肥减施对机械稳定性团聚体的平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和分形维数（D）均无显著影响。UA_25%和 UA_50%处理增加了水稳性团聚体的MWD和GMD,降低了D值和团聚体破坏率（PAD）,提高了稳定率（WSAR）。肥料减施显著降低了冬小麦产量,而UA_50%和UA_75%处理对夏高粱产量的影响并不明显。综上所述,UA_50%处理能提高小麦-高粱系统的土壤团聚体稳定性、保证夏高粱产量,但肥料减施显著降低了冬小麦产量。     

基于无人机成像高光谱的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型构建

为快速、实时、准确地了解新疆棉田棉叶螨(优势种为土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani)的发生情况,利用高光谱图像中的7种植被指数,使用一般线性回归分析方法分别构建不同棉叶螨为害等级棉花冠层叶片叶绿素相对含量(用soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)值表征)遥感估测模型和棉叶螨为害等级遥感估测模型,实现棉叶螨为害的实时监测。结果显示:不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层光谱反射率存在明显差异,棉叶螨为害等级与棉花冠层叶片SPAD值呈显著负相关关系。在7个不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型中,SPAD-红边归一化植被指数估测模型的估测决定系数为0.915,均方根误差为3.451,识别精确度显著高于其他模型。表明利用棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型可快速无损地获取棉叶螨为害数据,构建的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型可用于植保人员快速准确获取棉叶螨为害情况。     

基于GGE双标图对苜蓿品种丰产性和稳定性综合评价

为了解不同苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种在宁夏南部山区的丰产性、稳产性,以及试点的代表性和区分力,本研究利用方差分析、GGE双标图模型对区域3个不同试点的6个苜蓿品种的产量进行分析.结果表明:苜蓿产量最高的试验区是原州区彭堡镇彭堡三队,最低的是隆德县关庄乡前庄村,前者比后者高43.7％;产量最高的品种...     

车辆自适应悬架控制方法的研究

对车辆悬架提出了一种Ｇａｉｎ Ｓｃｈｅｄｕｌｉｎｇ（ＧＳ）自适应控制方法。控制器的设计仍采用最优控制理论,但控制增益可变,以自适应于路面输入条件的变化。主要对路面输入变化的估计时间和用以决定控制增益变化的系统输出信号的选择进行了研究。仿真结果表明,只要事先路面输入变化范围能够被合理地估计,ＧＳ控制是一个可行的方法,并可进一步提高车辆的行驶性能。