基于CT技术的原状黄土细观结构动态演化特征

非饱和原状黄土具有典型的结构性,结构性对其强度、变形等特征产生重要影响,但结构性对其屈服特性的影响却鲜有报道。为研究结构性对非饱和原状黄土在各向等压加载过程中的屈服特征影响规律,以非饱和土多功能三轴仪为研究工具,对4个非饱和原状黄土试样进行控制吸力的各向等压加载试验。借助CT(computerized tomography)技术,对变形和排水稳定后黄土试样进行实时动态扫描,将加载过程中的宏观力学指标与细观扫描数据联系,以明晰原状黄土加载过程中的结构演化规律。结果表明:原状黄土屈服前,CT数ME增长缓慢,说明结构性起到了抵御外部荷载的作用;当试样屈服后,ME呈线性增长趋势,试样进入塑性硬化阶段,结构性的作用明显降低。吸力增大时,原状黄土结构性对其力学变形特征影响较小;而吸力减小时,土颗粒之间水膜润滑作用明显,结构性对于抵抗外部荷载的作用增强。施加净平均应力后的原状黄土,其内部的孔洞和孔隙会减小,但不会完全闭合,这与新形成的结构能抵御外部荷载有关。研究结果可为进一步建立原状黄土结构性本构模型提供借鉴。     

Cross-Sectional Imaging Characteristics of Pituitary Adenomas, Invasive Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas in Dogs: 33 Cases (1988–2006)

Background: Pituitary tumors in dogs can be adenomas, invasive adenomas, or adenocarcinomas. In people, invasive adenomas and pituitary adenocarcinomas carry a worse prognosis than adenomas.
Hypothesis/Objective: To identify differentiating features on cross-sectional imaging in dogs with pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas, and adenocarcinomas.
Animals: Thirty-three dogs that had computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed and a necropsy diagnosis of pituitary adenoma ( n = 20), invasive adenoma ( n = 11), or adenocarcinoma ( n = 2).
Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, and diagnosis. CT and MR images were reviewed for characteristics of pituitary tumors.
Results: Mean (± standard deviation) age for dogs with pituitary adenomas (10.6 ± 2.9 years) was greater than that of those with invasive adenomas (8.3 ± 2.7 years, P = .04). Eighteen out of 20 (90%) dogs with adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Thirteen out of 20 (65%) had homogeneous enhancement. Mean adenoma height was 1.2 ± 0.7 cm. Eight out of 20 (40%) adenomas were round and 8/20 (40%) compressed surrounding brain. Eleven out of 11 dogs (100%) with invasive adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Seven out of 11 (64%) masses were homogeneous. Mean invasive adenoma height was 1.8 ± 0.7 cm, which was significantly greater than adenomas ( P = .03). Mass shape varied from round to oval to irregular. Six out of 11 (55%) masses compressed surrounding brain. Clinical and imaging features were variable for 2 dogs with adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Invasive adenoma should be suspected if a dog with a pituitary tumor is <7.7 years of age and has a mass >1.9 cm in vertical height. Adenocarcinomas are uncommon and metastatic lesions were not seen with imaging.     

Hepatic Volume Measurements in Dogs with Extrahepatic Congenital Portosystemic Shunts before and after Surgical Attenuation

Background: In dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), the ability of the hypoplastic liver to grow is considered important for recovery after surgical shunt attenuation.
Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS.
Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images.
Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm³/kg body weight. Liver volume increased significantly after surgery. Growth was highest between days 0 and 8 and decreased afterward. Median liver volume was 28.8 cm³/kg at 2 months after attenuation. No significant differences in growth were found between dogs with complete or partial shunt closure or between dogs with complete or incomplete metabolic recovery. Volumes measured from consecutively performed MRI and CT images correlated well ( r = 0.980), but volumes from MRI images were significantly larger than volumes from CT images (6.8%; P = .008).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed.     

CT2000对不同日龄肉用鹌鹑生产性能的影响

2 4 0羽 1 7日龄肉用鹌鹑随机分成 4组 ,每组设不同处理 ,38日龄称重。在不同日龄段 ,以不同方式添喂不同剂量CT2 0 0 0 ,观察其对日增重的影响。结果 :在 2 4～ 38日龄段每天添加CT2 0 0 0 ,在 31～ 38日龄段每周一次性添加CT2 0 0 0可以显著提高肉用鹌鹑的生产性能 ;而在 1 7～ 38日龄段每天添加CT2 0 0 0没有此作用。提示CT2 0 0 0有提高肉用鹌鹑生产性能的作用 ,但不同的添加阶段和添加方式对结果有不同的影响。     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE CANINE NASAL PASSAGES

A normal German shepherd dog underwent CT imaging with contiguous 10 mm thick images made of the nasal cavity from the caudal limit of the frontal sinuses to the rostral aspect of the nose. Normal structures were identified. This normal anatomic information will be of use in assessing CT images of dogs suspected of having nasal cavity disease.