CT引导经皮穿刺及X线引导经支气管肺活检对外周肺病灶诊断效果的比较

目的：比较CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检和在X线引导下经支气管肺活检(TBLB)对外周肺病灶的诊断效果。方法：43例外周肺病灶患者均先后行TBLB和CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检，分析两种活检术对外周肺病变的诊断效果。结果：43例中CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检诊断出5种疾病检出患者38例，诊断率为88．4％(38／43)，而TBLB仅能诊断出1种疾病检出患者2例，诊断率为4．7％(2／43)。两种方法的诊断率差异有非常显著性(P＜0．01)，而两者的并发症差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论：CT引导经皮肺穿刺肺活检对外周肺病灶诊断率高，并发症少。     

MEASUREMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CATS USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND DUAL ENERGY X‐RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a reference method for assessing body composition but is seldom `accessible in veterinary settings. Computed tomography (CT) can provide similar body composition estimates and we propose that it can be used in body composition studies in animals. We compared CT and DEXA data from 73 healthy adult neutered domestic cats. Three approaches for measuring adipose tissue percentage from full‐body CT scans were explored. By examining the frequency distribution of voxels by Hounsfield unit (HU) value, it is possible to calculate a fat index (Fat%) that is in close agreement with the fat percentages obtained from DEXA scans. Fat% values obtained by the best of the methods had a mean difference of 0.96% (95% confidence interval 0.33–1.59%) from the DEXA results. Fat% obtained by the other two methods were characterized by good correlation but poor agreement and in one of the methods, the difference between the values from the two modalities was proportional to their mean. By using CT, it is possible to obtain body composition estimates that are in close agreement with those available using DEXA. While the significance of individual Fat% measurements obtained from CT can be difficult to interpret and to compare between centers, CT can contribute to research studies concerned either with nutrition or with obesity‐related disorders.     

CT Real-time Analysis of Damage Evolution of Coal under Uniaxial Compression

In order to clarify the mechanism of rockburst, using the specified loading equipment and the CT machine, the real-time computerized tomography testing of coal under the uniaxial compression was completed. Through CT scanning, the clear CT images which included the stage from the microcrack clousre to the microcrack growth, bifurcation, development, failure and the post-failure stage were obtained. According to the CT values, the meso-damage evolution of coal under uniaxial compression was analysed, which provided the basis for the meso-damage evolution.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DIAGNOSIS OF ISOLATED SPLENIC TORSION IN A DOG

Isolated splenic torsion in a dog was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). The enlarged non enhanced spleen and a twisted soft tissue mass effect represented the rotated pedicle were the main findings. Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography were not conclusive.     

AN INTRATHORACIC MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR IN A DOG

A 7-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented for a persistent, productive cough and regurgitation. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed a large, smoothly marginated intrathoracic mass causing tracheal compression. The mass was removed via a thoracotomy, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely originating from the ventral spinal nerve roots, was confirmed using immunohistochemistry.     

Preliminary evaluation of serial (18) FDG-PET/CT to assess response to toceranib phosphate therapy in canine cancer

Palladia(TM) (toceranib phosphate-Pfizer Animal Health) is a novel orally administered receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for treatment of canine mast cell tumors. Receptor tyrosine kinase dysregulation leads to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Toceranib's targets include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and kit. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is used commonly to diagnose, prognosticate, and monitor response to antineoplastic therapy in human patients. In this study, serial PET/CT imaging with (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18) FDG) was used to assess response to toceranib therapy in dogs with measurable solid malignancies. Six tumor-bearing dogs underwent tumor assessment using both standard RECIST criteria and PET/CT prior to and at a median of 5 weeks postinitiation of toceranib treatment. Toceranib was prescribed initially at a target dose 3.25 mg/kg PO q48 h, with subsequent modifications based on observed toxicity. Treatment was continued in patients achieving stable disease with acceptable drug tolerance. One dog was maintained on drug despite dose modification due to toxicity; measurable clinical and image-based responses were seen after 10 weeks of therapy. All others had stable or progressive disease based on clinical restaging and PET/CT at first recheck. . Due to discordance with anatomic and metabolic imaging, further studies are needed to investigate the role of molecular imaging in assessment of drug response and identify other potential molecular targets of toceranib.     

Comparison of abdominal computed tomography and abdominal ultrasound in sedated dogs

Abdominal ultrasound (US) is used frequently as a first-line screening tool for abdominal disease. Although computed tomography (CT) is superior to US in the diagnosis of some abdominal diseases, a major impediment is the requirement of general anesthesia to prevent motion and for safe restraint. With multidetector helical CT, faster examinations allow general anesthesia to be avoided, while producing diagnostic-quality images. Abdominal US and CT were compared for lesion detection in 27 sedated dogs, divided into three even groups based on body weight. Lesions were categorized further as to subjective clinical relevance. In dogs less than 25 kg, there is no significant difference in lesion detection between CT and US. In dogs weighing greater than 25 kg, more lesions were detected with CT than with US (P = 0.0001), including clinically relevant lesions (P = 0.0277). From these results, it appears that CT has an advantage in lesion detection in dogs greater than 25 kg, making it a better screening test for abdominal disease in these patients.     

秸秆还田方式对砂姜黑土有机碳组分和孔隙结构的影响

砂姜黑土容重高、土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)含量低是限制作物产量的关键因子,秸秆还田能有效改善土壤结构,提高土壤有机碳含量。为探明砂姜黑土区适宜的秸秆还田方式,进一步培肥改良耕地地力,该研究利用砂姜黑土连续6 a耕作与秸秆还田定位试验,探究不同秸秆还田方式(免耕还田、旋耕还田、深翻还田)对砂姜黑土不同土层(0～10、>10～20、>20～40 cm)有机碳及其组分颗粒有机碳(particulate organic carbon,POC)、矿物结合态有机碳(mineral-associated organic carbon,MAOC)和孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:在0～10 cm土层内,3种还田方式下SOC及其组分、土壤总孔隙度和大孔隙度(>50 μm)均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与旋耕还田相比,免耕还田使>10～20和>20～40 cm土层SOC含量分别降低了14.1%、23.7%(P<0.05),对>10～40 cm土层内孔隙结构特征参数无显著影响(P>0.05);与旋耕还田相比,深翻还田使&...