嗜水气单胞菌UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶的性质

通过水生动物源性嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah）强毒株J-1株与弱毒株MR-1株抑制差减杂交得到gneJ差减片段,该片段与创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）和人源嗜水气单胞菌的UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶基因有较高的同源性。扩增完整的gneJ基因,进行分布检测并将其克隆至质粒pET32a（＋）,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21中进行异源表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组表达蛋白的分子量约59．7kD,与理论推测值基本相同。酶活性分析表明,该重组蛋白可将UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺转化为UDP-乙酰半乳糖胺,确证gneJ基因编码蛋白为UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶。Western Blot分析显示,嗜水气单胞菌J-1株胞外产物的兔抗血清可识别该重组蛋白,表明该蛋白与天然蛋白有相同的抗原性。以重组蛋白为免疫原,对小鼠进行动物保护实验,结果显示,该重组蛋白对小鼠有60％的保护率,证明UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶可作为亚单位疫苗的侯选成分。     

Determination of apparent digestibility coefficient in fish by stable carbon isotopes

Estimation of the apparent digestibility coefficient ADC(%) of C₃ and C₄ plants in experimental diets for fingerlings of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) was calculated by applying chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) external marker methodology and by a proposed mathematical expression based on the isotopic composition (δ¹³C). A total of 240 tambaqui fingerlings each weighing ±48.2 g and measuring ±9.8 cm were maintained in eight 500‐L aquariums specially designed for faeces collection. The ADC(%) of the C₃ and C₄ diets did not differ significantly between the two methods, producing results of 75.6%; 76.2% and 74.4%; 72.8%, respectively. The ADC(%) results obtained by isotopic method presented less variation than by chromic oxide. The proposed mathematical expression for calculating the ADC(%) based on δ¹³C values offers an alternative methodology, which can reduce errors and diminish the effort required to collect biological material. However, it is important to note that this method is limited to analysis of diets or food items with distinct isotopic signals.     

苎麻新品种“华苎4号”选育研究

“华苎 4号”是从稀节巴品种自然杂交后代中选育出来的新品种。该品种产量高 ,在品系比较试验中平均亩产 2 2 6 .5kg ,比对照细叶绿品种增产 5 9.1 3% ,在湖北省区试中较对照增产 33.81 % :纤维品质优良 ,在品系比较试验中年均纤维细度 2 0 82支 ,在区试中经湖北省纤检所测试 ,年均纤维细度 2 2 39支 ;该品种植株高大整齐 ,出麻率特别高 (鲜皮出麻率和鲜茎出麻率分别在 1 4%和 5 %以上 ) ;“华苎 4号”的抗逆性强 ,高抗炭疽病 ,不感染花叶病 ,抗旱抗风性强 ,但耐渍性略差。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

大豆连作土壤障碍因素研究──Ⅰ、连作对土壤腐殖质组分性质的影响

由于大豆连作造成根系分泌有机酸类物质的残留和积累，使土壤根际ｐＨ值下降，引起根系范围土壤中生化它感现象产生，导致反映土壤有机肥力核心指标的土壤腐殖质总量、胡敏酸（ＨＡ）、ＨＡ／ＦＡ（富里酸）比值随连作延长而呈现下降趋势。其中活性胡敏酸含量、胡敏酸在波长为４６５ｎｍ和６６５ｎｍ的消光度比值（Ｅ４／Ｅ６）在连作第二年变化明显，此时是大豆连作实施有机培肥的最佳时期。     

中国大豆抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种鉴定标准商榷

选择一组抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种亲本材料进行抗性鉴定,结果表明:品种间抗性存在极显著差异,且呈现连续性变化,根部孢囊附着量平均表现为0～145个.按照传统孢囊线虫鉴定分类标准,黑种皮的高抗抗源对SCN4号生理小种抗性十分稳定,灰布支黑豆和PI437654的孢囊附着量分别为2.67和0个;绝大部分黄种皮亲本材料抗性均表现为高度感病,只有1267和1259表现为中感.对于4号强毒生理小种的特殊性,实际中将无法选育到抗性品种以解决生产需要问题.利用品种间抗性存在的差异和连续性变化,并比较其它方法,建议抗孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种鉴定标准划分为5级,分别为免疫、高抗、抗、感和高感,其IP指数(%)以Lee为对照时分别为0、0.1～15、15.1～50、50.1～100和＞100.黄种皮大豆品种晋豆19号对4号生理小种反应稳定,可作育种参考对照.     

昆明市马铃薯新品种-昆薯4号

昆薯4号属中晚熟品种,是昆明市农业科学研究院从国际马铃薯中心（cIP）引进的马铃薯选育材料中筛选而来,其杂交组合母本：381379．9,父本：XY16。在品种比较试验和云南省马铃薯品种区域试验及生产试验中表现突出,2009年该品种通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,命名为“昆薯4号”。     

转基因大豆CP4-EPSPS蛋白的降解规律研究

随着转基因技术发展和应用,转基因外源基因表达蛋白在环境中富集和降解情况成为公众关注的问题,外源蛋白在环境中的检测和监测成为转基因研究和监管的一个方向.本研究利用模拟自然降解和蛋白酶K两种方式,处理转基因大豆种子(5％GTS 40-3-2),采用Western blot、双抗夹心快速检测试纸条和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELIS...     

湘南旱地土壤热通量变化特征分析

基于2014、2015年6~9月的太阳辐射和土壤热通量观测资料,分析了湘南旱地土壤热通量变化特征。研究表明,6~9月,旱地土壤热通量季节和月变化都呈逐渐减少趋势;5和10 cm晴天土壤热通量日变化呈单峰曲线,与太阳净辐射日变化趋势一致;5和10 cm土壤日均热通量与太阳日均净辐射量之间存在极显著的线性关系。     

超级稻宁粳1号与常规粳稻CH4排放特征的比较分析

以超级稻宁粳1号和常规稻镇稻11为材料,采用盆栽试验,系统比较了两个品种的生产力及CH4排放的差异,并分析了其主要原因。结果表明,虽然两个品种的CH4排放通量的动态特征和生物学产量均基本相似,但宁粳1号的CH4排放总量比镇稻11低35.22%(P<0.05),土壤水溶液中CH4平均浓度也低41.31%(P<0.01)。两个品种的CH4排放差异主要出现在水稻生长中期,前期和后期的差异不明显。比较两个品种的生物学产量、株高、叶面积、根系等生长特性,发现宁粳1号强大的根系是降低CH4排放的最关键因素。综合比较植株生产力和CH4排放强度,发现宁粳1号不仅具有更高产量,而且单位干物质和籽粒产量的CH4排放量均分别比镇稻11低42.42%和81.38%(P<0.05)。上述结果显示,水稻产量的提高不一定伴随CH4排放的增加,选育高产低排放的水稻品种是可能的。大面积推广应用超级稻,可能不仅利于粮食安全,也有利于温室气体减排。