家鸡冠型性状的微卫星标记连锁分析

 【目的】构建具有冠型性状记录的鸡F2资源群的2号染色体连锁图谱,并结合表型分析对调控鸡冠型性状的基因进行初步定位。【方法】通过测交选择豆冠冠型基因型纯合的吐鲁番斗公鸡2只和玫瑰冠冠型基因型纯合的玫瑰冠母鸡6只为亲本,采用F2代试验设计建立F2代资源群436只,参考EL（East Lansing）家系的遗传连锁图谱,在鸡2号染色体上筛选14对微卫星标记,运用MapMaker/EXP3.0软件初步构建此家系2号染色体遗传连锁图谱,同时运用LOD记分法进行鸡的冠型基因连锁分析。【结果】经χ2检验,F2资源群冠型分化比例符合经典孟德尔遗传学的独立分离规律。在连锁分析中除MCW0157外,其余13个微卫星标记均能连锁,所构建的鸡2号染色体连锁图谱与EL家系的遗传连锁图谱相似。【结论】鸡2号染色体上MCW0082位点与玫瑰冠冠型基因可能存在连锁。     

Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid of Bacillus Calmette Guerin Modulates Th1/Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in rats, the changes in the T helper type 1 (Th 1)/Th2 radio in mammary glands after an intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to characterize the moderating effects of the polysaecharide nucleic acid of Bacillus Calraette Guerin (BCG-PSN) on the mammary gland. In the control group, the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ, mRNA expression increased, whereas IL-4 mRNA expression decreased after LPS challenge. As a consequence, the INF-γ/IL-4 mRNA ratio was significantly higher at 3, 6, and 9 h post-infusion (PI) compared to the control value (O h; P<0.01).BCG-PSN increased mRNA expression of both INF-γ' and IL-4 before infusion of LPS. LPS challenge significantly the reduced Th1/Th2 eytokine ratio due to Th1 cytokine IFN-γ suppression and Th2 cytokine IL-4 upregulation compared with the control group. A significant reduction ofN-acety1-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) was observed at 24 h PI in the BCG-PSN treatment group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Thus, it was demonstrated that level of BCG-PSN might change the Th1/Th2 ratio mainly by enhancing the Th2 immune response. This is the first report of a Th1/Th2 change induced by coliform mastitis and characterization of the effect of BCG-PSN on mammary gland inflammation. This study makes a better understanding of the mechanisms of coliform mastitis and provides a putative novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of mastitis.     

不同处理对“绿岭”核桃无融合生殖坐果的影响

为探讨不同处理措施对核桃无融合生殖的影响,以"绿岭"核桃为材料,采用聚乙烯醇封柱头后用不同药剂涂抹子房的方法,研究了2,4-D、赤霉素、硼砂及综合处理后"绿岭"核桃的无融合生殖坐果率。结果表明:0.2%的硼砂、30 mg/L的赤霉素、0.3%硼砂+0.3%磷酸二氢钾处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率分别为88.37%、86.57%、86.27%,均极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高了23.54%、21.74%、21.44%;15 mg/L 2,4-D处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率为82.50%,显著高于对照,比对照高了17.67%。     

玉米花粉与花丝早期互作的蛋白质组学分析

 【目的】分离授粉早期玉米花丝的总蛋白质,为从蛋白质组角度揭示玉米花粉与花丝早期的相互作用奠定基础。【方法】以玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系Ga25为试材,采用三氯乙酸-丙酮法提取总蛋白质,运用双向电泳、质谱分析与检索技术,比较自交授粉后1 h和2 h的花丝蛋白质组的差异。【结果】与授粉1 h的蛋白质组相比,在授粉2 h后的蛋白质组中出现28个差异蛋白点,其中,6个蛋白质点特异表达,19个蛋白质点上调表达,3个蛋白质点下调表达;通过MALDI-TOF-MS质谱测序和MASCOT序列分析,注释了23个蛋白质点,其余5个为未知蛋白;功能分类表明,差异蛋白质分别参与细胞壁合成(21.4%)、防御/抗胁迫(17.9%)、细胞组织、蛋白命运、蛋白合成、转录等细胞过程。【结论】在玉米花粉与花丝早期的相互作用过程中蛋白质组有显著的变化,与授粉后1 h相比,授粉后2 h的蛋白质组中大部分差异蛋白呈上调趋势,并有特异蛋白质出现;分泌型过氧化物酶、膨胀素、果胶甲基化酶抑制蛋白、谷胱甘肽转移酶与未知蛋白4可能与玉米花粉和花丝的早期互作密切相关。     

水稻二化螟性诱测报发生规律研究

[目的]在韶关地区对水稻二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)的发生规律进行测报,为其有效防治提供依据。[方法]利用性诱剂对水稻二化螟雄虫的诱集作用,对二化螟发生的世代、始发期和盛发期进行预测预报。[结果]韶关地区6～10月共出现2代水稻二化螟,第1、2代二化螟的始发期出现在6月的中旬、8月上中旬。第1、2代二化螟的盛发期为7月的中下旬、9月的上中旬。[结论]通过性诱测报方法基本上掌握了水稻二化螟在韶关地区的发生规律。     

Ca对AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：当激光功率为1 500 W,焊接速度为3 m/min时, AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa＜0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中σCa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

维生素C·E对草鱼片贮藏品质的影响

[目的]研究维生素C、E处理对草鱼片贮藏品质的影响。[方法]不同处理草鱼片在冷藏、微冻和冷冻2 d后,测定其失重率、挥发性盐基氮、pH值、白度。[结果]维生素E处理的持水性好于维生素C处理,但均高于空白;维生素C、E处理对鱼片的pH值影响较小,比较接近于空白样品;在3种处理中,维生素C处理的样品挥发性盐基氮值最低;维生素C、E对冷藏、微冻状态下的草鱼片具有良好色泽保护作用。[结论]维生素C对冷藏、微冻状态下的草鱼片具有良好的降低水产品腐败和色泽保护作用;维生素E对冷藏、微冻状态下的草鱼片具有良好色泽保护作用。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒石河子株E2基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

应用RT-PCR方法从牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)新疆石河子分离株中扩增了E2基因,命名Shihezi 148(GenBank登录号:EU159699),扩增序列分析结果表明:Shihezi 148 E2基因长度为1121 bp,编码373个氨基酸残基;同源性分析表明,Shihezi 148与澳大利亚Bega株E2基因核苷酸同源性为88.32%,与中国changchun 184株的同源性为74.42%;通过基因重组技术构建了去除C端跨膜区的截短E2基因的原核表达载体pProEX HTa-E2和包括信号肽和全长E2蛋白的真核重组质粒pVAX1-E2。经过PCR、酶切及测序结果表明pProEX HTa-E2和pVAX1-E2重组表达载体构建成功。     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

紫外线-B辐射引起拟南芥内源H2O2增加及细胞死亡

研究了UV-B辐射对拟南芥内源H2O2及细胞死亡的影响,结果表明紫外线-B辐射可引起拟南芥内源H2O2及细胞死亡的增加,且C型拟南芥幼苗比C24型表现较强的耐受紫外伤害的能力,推测在拟南芥响应紫外胁迫的反应中,H2O2起到了一种信号分子的作用引发下游的一系列反应.