Screening faba beans for resistance to Ascochyta fabae by artificial inoculation of seedlings

Summary A method was developed for screening faba bean seedlings for resistance to Ascochyta fabae. Several factors were investigated, including amount and concentration of inoculum, period of high humidity and age of leaves. Seedlings of different cultivars were tested and results compared with available field data. Older leaves proved to be less susceptible than younger leaves. Seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field, especially in material uniform in growth habit.     

氮、磷、钾不同配比对绿豆产量的影响

2014年以同绿1号为供试材料,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥配比对绿豆产量构成因子以及产量的影响。通过对绿豆"3414"肥料效应试验,建立肥料施用量与产量的回归方程,求出最佳施肥量。结果表明,科学合理的氮、磷、钾肥配比,不仅能满足绿豆生长发育所需要的营养元素,而且能够促使单株生长发育协调。推荐的最佳施肥量为N 56.7kg/hm2、P(P2O5)76.2kg/hm2、K(K2O)53.5kg/hm2,可获1 526.7kg/hm2的子粒产量。     

Genetic diversity of the black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] gene pool as revealed by SSR markers

In this study, 520 cultivated and 14 wild accessions of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) were assessed for diversity using 22 SSR markers. Totally, 199 alleles were detected with a mean of 9.05 alleles per locus. Wild black gram showed higher gene diversity than cultivated black gram. Gene diversity of cultivated accessions among regions was comparable, while allelic richness of South Asia was higher than that of other regions. 78.67% of the wild gene diversity presented in cultivated accessions, indicating that the domestication bottleneck effect in black gram is relatively low. Genetic distance analysis revealed that cultivated black gram was more closely related to wild black gram from South Asia than that from Southeast Asia. STRUCTURE, principal coordinate and neighbor-joining analyses consistently revealed that 534 black gram accessions were grouped into three major subpopulations. The analyses also revealed that cultivated black gram from South Asia was genetically distinct from that from West Asia. Comparison by SSR analysis with other closely related Vigna species, including mungbean, azuki bean, and rice bean, revealed that level of gene diversity of black gram is comparable to that of mungbean and rice bean but lower than that of azuki bean.     

CO_2浓度升高对干旱胁迫下蚕豆光合作用和抗氧化能力的影响

在 CO2 浓度分别为当今 CO2 浓度 (35 0 μmol mol-1)和倍增浓度 (70 0 μmol mol-1)的两个开顶式生长室内 ,研究分析了干旱胁迫下蚕豆 (Vicia faba L.)植株的生长情况、光合作用和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的变化。实验结果表明 ,CO2 浓度倍增条件下 ,蚕豆的株高增加 ,光合速率显著提高 ,蒸腾速率降低 ,气孔阻力增大 ,水分利用效率得以较大程度地提高 ;此外 ,倍增 CO2 浓度下 ,受到干旱胁迫的植株其叶片中 CAT、SOD、GR的活性及叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性总糖的含量与水分充足条件下相比无明显变化 ,POD的活性甚至低于水分充足条件下。而高 CO2 /干旱胁迫下 ,蚕豆叶片中的MDA含量显著低于当今 CO2 /干旱胁迫下 ,表明高 CO2 对于干旱胁迫所造成的氧化损伤具有一定的改善作用。因此 ,CO2 浓度升高可能对增强植物的抗逆能力有利     

Nutritional and culinary quality of bush bean populations intercropped with maize

Summary The intereropping of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) is a common practice in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In this experiment, 25 populations of bush bean were evaluated for nutritional and culinary traits of dry seed and immature pod in sole crop and in intercrop in two years and in two locations, in order to determine whether selection of bush bean in sole crop can result in genetic progress for intercrop.There were no differences in the population means between cropping systems. Significant differences were detected among populations for all traits tudied except starch content, crude ash, water absorption and coat proportion. Population x environment interaction was significant for pod thickness. Bean populations did not interact with cropping systems for any trait, although there were differences between cropping systems for crude protein. These results suggest that a sole crop system provides sufficient information to select bean populations efficiently for the bush bean-maize intercropping system, although the advanced generations of the breeding program should be tested for quantitative traits such as protein content in the appropriate cropping system (intercropping) to know the competitive ability with the associated species. This would permit to choose bush bean populations which complement more efficiently and would be less competitive with the maize population.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to foliar diseases caused by fungi and bacteria in cool season food legumes

Screening techniques are an important component of the overall strategy of breeding for resistance to diseases in cool season food legumes. Suitable screening methods have been developed for several major foliar diseases of chickpea, pea, faba bean, and lentil, and sources of resistance have been identified. International cooperation plays an important role in promoting research and keeping collections of cultivated species and their wild relatives. New biotechnological approaches are promising for enhancing the practical use of genes for resistance.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to nematodes in cool season food legumes

Identification of sources of resistance in cool season legumes to cyst (Heterodera spp.), root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.), and stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is generally based on number of cysts on roots, root-knot nematode induced gall index, and stem nematode reproduction in shoot tissue, respectively. Various levels of resistance to cyst nematodes have been detected in chickpea and pea. Resistance has also been identified in chickpea, faba bean, and pea to the root-knot nematodes. Broad based durable sources of resistance to plant parasitic nematodes are required. Basic research is needed to develop transgenic plants with resistance based on hatch stimulants, inhibitors, toxins, or repellents found in antagonistic rhizosphere microorganisms. Selection of genotypes that favor development of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms or root endophytes that increase the plant resistance to nematode infection deserves attention.     

四棱豆过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

为了阐明过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶在四棱豆中的分布规律，鉴定不同四棱豆品种间的亲缘关系，选育优势杂交亲本，我们采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，研究了同一株四棱豆（K0027）不同节位成熟叶片和16个品种的POD同工酶酶谱特征。结果表明：POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆9个不同节位成熟叶片中的酶带数均为10条，并且各酶带相应的Rf值基本相同；而在16个不同四棱豆品种中酶带数为6~11条，并且各酶带的宽窄、颜色深浅等特征存在明显的差异。结合各酶带的相对迁移率（Rf值）和品种间的联合相似系数（S值）分析可知，（1）POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆不同节位成熟叶片中的表达具有高度的稳定性和相似性；（2）POD同工酶在所选的16个品种间存在明显的差异性，其中K0006和K0035、早熟二号，K0021和K0028品种间的S值在0.2~0.4之间，为最小值，即这两组品种间的亲缘关系最远，为优势杂交亲本组合；（3）同时阐明了POD同工酶在四棱豆中的相关分布规律，为植物分类或品种鉴定提供了科学依据，对杂交育种选材具有重要的实践指导意义。     

Some observations on the origin and evolution of the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

Summary On the basis of phytogeographic evidence it is suggested that Psophocarpus tetragonolobus has an African ancestry, a possible parallel with the origin of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is suggested. The most probable ancestral species is Ps. grandiflorus native to East Africa from Ethiopia to Zaire. This hypothesis could be tested by experimental hybridization between the cultigen and its closest wild relative Ps. grandiflorus.     

红小豆种质资源子粒色泽及出沙率的遗传变异

对我国主产区红小豆地方品种资源中随机抽取的335份、日本25份和韩国2份材料子粒色泽和出沙率进行了鉴定评价。结果表明，红小豆粒色红度值（a^＊）平均为19．71，粒色偏灰暗，变幅为13．0—26．0；黄度值（b^＊）平均为9．58，变幅为5．2-16．8；亮度值（L^＊）平均为26．47，变幅为18．1—34．0；出沙率平均值为68．08％，变幅为61．90％-75．98％；地区间显示出明显差异。a^＊、b^＊、L^＊和出沙率4个性状均具有较高的遗传变异，但粒色a^＊、b^＊和L^＊的广义遗传力值h^2较高，出沙率的广义遗传力较低。筛选出红度值超过24．0的种质资源6份，筛选出亮度值超过30．0的种质资源16份，筛选出黄度值超过13．0的种质资源8份，筛选出出沙率高于73．5％资源8份。