Lipid metabolism in tomato and bean as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases

The lipids metabolism of tomato and bean plants during biological control of wilt pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici andF. oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli, respectively) byBacillus subtilis was investigated. The interaction of wilt pathogens with both tomato and bean caused an imbalance and drastic reduction in total lipids, triacylglycerol, sterol and all phospholipd fractions except phosphatidic acid. The application of a formulated biocontrol agent,B. subtilis, eliminated the detrimental effect of both wilt pathogens and consequently prevented catabolism of lipid fractions in both tomato and bean. Moreover, the changes in the lipid fractions as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases suggest a positive correlation between the application ofB. subtilis and improvement in the host metabolism towards anabolism. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 20, 2006.     

Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.     

矮生长豇豆的生育与产量形成

对春播和秋播矮生长豇豆的生长动态,叶面积形成与效能,结荚与豆荚产量形成特性等进行研究,结果表明,春播矮生长豇豆植株和各个器官的生长动态均呈Ｓ形曲线变化。秋播矮生长豇豆虽然无抽蔓期,但其生长动态与春播基本相同,而且植株生长和叶面积都较大,单株结荚稍多,但产量无明显差异。净同化率（ＮＡＲ）在营养生长过程较高,生殖生长过程较低。本文还讨论了矮生与蔓生长豇豆生育与产量形成的差异。     

菜用大青豆AC10的选育

ＡＣ１０大豆是以７５－２３－１－５－１５品系经激光红宝石辐照,选衣出７５－５４红品系,以之为父本,以西德青豆ＳｏｇｌｅｅｎＯｇｄｅｎ为线本进行有性杂交,再用红宝石２５００Ｖ辐射选能而成,具早熟、高产、优质等特点,６６７ｍ＾２产量１５４．４７ｋｇ,比对照八个月爆增产３０．６６％。     

南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)两典型株系特异cDNA和RNA探针的制备及应用

南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）主要有２株系：菜豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ）和豇豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ）,血清学方法不能予以区分。根据已报道的核酸序列设计了２对特异引物,进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增并克隆到载体Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ中,序列测定予以证实后利用随机引物法合成放射性ｃＤＮＡ探针,再进行体外转译合成地高辛ＵＴＰ标记的ＲＮＡ探针。２种探针均可分别特异地检测Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ膜上的ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ。ＲＮＡ探针检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ灵敏度分别为：０．１μｇ和０．０１μｇ。     

吉林省菜豆地方品种资源研究及利用现状

吉林省气候寒冷,菜豆资源丰富。其中的油豆、花皮类型品种资源栽培区域性强,其荚宽、肉厚,呈宽刀形,荚宽可达2.5cm。荚色以绿色、花色为主,绿色荚品种占76%,花皮品种占22%。种皮色以花色为主,占资源总数的62%,种子粒大,千粒重最高达700g。且品种名称生动、形象,具有地方特色。     

GROWTH AND IRON-MANGANESE RELATIONSHIPS IN DRY BEAN AS AFFECTED BY FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATIONS OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN A CALCAREOUS SOIL

Manganese (Mn) deficiency may be induced by adding large quantities of iron (Fe), provided that soil manganese is marginally deficient. Results of a greenhouse study showed that iron soil application did not influence shoot dry matter yield of dry bean due to the fact that the iron:manganese ratio in aerial parts of dry bean was higher than 0.4. A foliar spray of 2% iron sulfate significantly reduced it probably due to the high level of shoot iron and iron:manganese ratio greater than 4. Iron application decreased concentration/uptake of shoot manganese due to the iron-manganese antagonistic relationships. Mangenese soil application is not an effective method in correction of manganese deficiency induced by iron fertilizers. Iron did not affect root manganese uptake, indicating that manganese absorption was not affected by iron application. Both manganese/iron soil tests are recommended in calcareous soils with manganese soil test in marginal range.     

种植密度与底磷肥用量对绿豆产量的影响

通过２因子４水平复因子试验与统计分析，研究了绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量对绿豆产量的影响。结果表明，绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量，是决定绿豆产量的主要因素。明确了绿豆的最佳种植密度和底磷肥施用量。     

大粒蚕豆新品种"大朋一寸"推广应用的配套技术研究

“大朋一寸”是白花、绿皮、大粒型蚕豆新品种，具有适应性广、丰产稳产、品质优良等优点，纯效益为3万多元／hm2。对、“大朋一寸”推广应用中涉及的良种繁、种子包衣、药剂拌种、品质栽培、秸秆利用等配套技术进行试验研究，为提高“犬朋一寸”生产的标准化水平、促进“大朋一寸”产业化开发提供依据。     

极早熟豇豆新品种天畅五号的选育

天畅5号是农家品种杨家豇豆与之豇28—2杂交，并通过系统选育而成的极早熟豇豆新品种。该品种表现早熟，叶片小。以主蔓结荚为主，有侧蔓1-2个，始花节位2-3节。成荚率高。每花穗结荚2~4条，前期产量较高。嫩荚白绿色，荚条长而直，荚长65cm，单荚质量22g。荚条肉质脆嫩，品质优，商品性极佳。春播从播种到商品荚采摘期为52天。露地种植的产量1800-2500kg/667m2，适于长江流域栽培。