太湖敞水区鱼类群落结构特征和分析

太湖敞水区鱼类群落组成,除人工放流的种类外,河湖洄游性鱼类已基本失,种群数量以湖鲚、银鱼、虾类和小型鲤科鱼类占绝对优势。群落物种多样性指数值表明属温带水域范围,具有明显的年、月变化。     

蚯蚓处理石灰法造纸废水沉降物试验

以引进的大平２号蚯蚓及本地两种蚯蚓进行了不同品种蚯蚓处理石灰法造纸废水沉降底泥的饲养试验,结果表明：大平２号蚯蚓处理效果明显好于本地环毛蚓和异唇蚓,大平２号蚓单卵平均孵化４．４条,在底泥中从幼蚓长为成蚓约需６０ｄ,每天每克蚯蚓消耗底泥０．９７ｇ左右     

甲醛对中华绒螯蟹各期溲状幼体及隐藻的急性毒性

通过静水试验法,用甲醛对中华绒螯蟹各期状幼体及隐藻进行急性毒性试验,结果分别为：Z1：24hLC50为41．214mg／L,48hLC50为33．364mg／L,SC为3．34mg／L。Z2：24hLC50为125．497mg／L,48hLC50为54．258mg／L,SC为5．43mg／L。Z3：24hLC50为143．617mg／L,48hLC50为93．817mg／L,SC为9．38mg／L。Z4：24hLC50为200．679mg／L,48hLC50为98．414mg／L,SC为9．84mg／L。甲醛对Z5的毒性状况比较特殊,虽经10次试验仍无规律性。试验表明,30mg／L以下的甲醛,24小时内波海红胞藻全部成活,甲醛对波海红胞藻的6hLC50为：90mg／L,12hLC50为：60．77mg／L,24hLC50为：57．5mg／L。一定浓度的甲醛可杀死苗池水中的赤潮生物,蓄水池中的赤潮生物可用含氯化合物杀灭,以降低赤潮生物对中华绒螯蟹幼体的毒性,提高幼体的变态成活率和育苗产量。     

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。     

Hydrological and water cycle processes of inland river basins in the arid region of Northwest China

The increasing shortage in water resources is a key factor affecting sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC). Water shortages also affect the stability of the region's oasis ecosystem. This paper summarizes the hydrological processes and water cycle of inland river basins in the ARNC, focusing on the following aspects: the spatial-temporal features of water resources(including air water vapor resources, runoff, and glacial meltwater) and their driving forces; the characteristics of streamflow composition in the inland river basins; the characteristics and main controlling factors of baseflow in the inland rivers; and anticipated future changes in hydrological processes and water resources. The results indicate that:(1) although the runoff in most inland rivers in the ARNC showed a significant increasing trend, both the glaciated area and glacial ice reserves have been reduced in the mountains;(2) snow melt and glacier melt are extremely important hydrological processes in the ARNC, especially in the Kunlun and Tianshan mountains;(3) baseflow in the inland rivers of the ARNC is the result of climate change and human activities, with the main driving factors being the reduction in forest area and the over-exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the river basins; and(4) the contradictions among water resources, ecology and economy will further increase in the future. The findings of this study might also help strengthen the ecological, economic and social sustainable development in the study region.     

Effects of drought on chlorophyll fluorescence in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). I. Plant water status and the kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence

Summary The slow kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence were examined in seven potato genotypes grown either fully irrigated or droughted from the time of plant emergence. Constant and variable fluorescence (F _o andF _v respectively) declined with time in plants from both irrigated and droughted treatments, but the decline was greater in droughted than irrigated plants. However, the yield of variable fluorescence (F _v/(F _o+F _v)) was unaffected by the drought treatment. The main effect of drought was upon the quenching of variable fluorescence. Both the half life of the decay of variable fluorescence (q_1/2) and the secondary maximum (M) were significantly greater in the droughted plants than in those from the irrigated treatment. Significant differences between genotypes were found forF _v/(F _o+F _v),M andq _1/2. Genotype-by-treatment interactions were non-significant for all the variables examined. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence transients were not closely related to changes in leaf water potential.     

水利工程管理及养护问题研究

水利工程的建设与人民的生活有着紧密的关系,人们在生活中几乎每时每刻都需要 水,若水利工程不能管理好,则就会给人们生活上带来严重的不便,因此,对管理及养护问题做 出相关研究是很有必要的。本文就水利工程管理及养护问题进行研究。     

农艺农机结合是推进山西旱作节水农业现代化进程的突破口

通过分析山西农业机械化现状,指出了山西农业机械化存在的问题,并依据山西耕地类型和干旱气象特征,探讨了山西旱作节水农业对机械装备的需求特点。通过在研究、示范实践中将农艺与农机紧密结合的有益探索,明确了农艺农机结合是推进旱作节水农业现代化进程的突破口。     

Water Conservation Forest Impacts on the Runoff Generation and Sedimentation at Small Watershed Scale in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed

密云水库集水区水源保护林在北京地区饮用水源保护中起着非常重要的作用．本文给出了该区小流域对比实验的初步研究结果,有林小流域和无林小流域对１９９６年７月３０日降雨过程较为一致的径流响应表明,土壤前期含水量对流域产流有较大的影响,在降雨较多土壤含水量较大的情况下该区产流方式可以表现为饱和地表径流．尽管该区以霍顿超渗产流为主,但对于１９９７年７月３１日至８月１日降雨过程,森林流域产流总量为１３９３．８０ｍ３,无林流域为２２０２．４３ｍ３,森林流域减少洪水总量３６．７％,消减洪峰流量达３７３％．然而,１９９７年７月１９日降雨过程森林流域径流洪峰量与洪水泥沙含量均较无林流域高,这表明预处理措施对径流泥沙过程有极为显著的影响