大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的QTL定位

大豆叶茸毛形态对抗虫性、耐旱性等均有重要作用。本研究利用2个重组自交系群体NJRIKY (KY)和NJRIXG (XG)进行叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传与QTL定位分析。结果表明,2个性状在2个群体中均有大幅度变异,存在不同程度的超亲分离,两者有极显著负相关(r= –0.49和–0.62),叶面茸毛密度的遗传率(75.7%~76.8%)高于叶面茸毛长度的遗传率(45.2%~62.9%);检测到2个叶面茸毛密度主效QTL (XG群体的PD1-1和KY群体的PD12-1,表型贡献率分别达20.7%和21.7%);两群体叶面茸毛密度遗传构成中加性QTL贡献率占20.7%~36.2%,互作QTL只占0%~1.4%,而未定位到的微效QTL所占份额很大,为38.1%~56.1%,是以往只用定位程序而未注意遗传构成解析所没有发现的特点;未在KY中检测到叶面茸毛长度加性QTL,互作QTL贡献率也仅4.2%,而微效QTL贡献率达58.7%;但在XG中叶面茸毛长度加性QTL Pl1-1和Pl12-1贡献率分别达18.3%和22.5%,占主要成分,互作QTL和微效QTL贡献均较小,说明该性状两群体的遗传构成有很大差异。大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传涉及多个效应不同的基因/QTL。     

不同耕作条件下土壤表面粗糙度随时间变化规律研究

为了研究耕作后土壤表面粗糙度随时间变化的规律,通过采用3种不同耕作方式（铧式犁、浅松铲、圆盘耙）,在耕作后45天内,每隔5天利用激光土壤表面粗糙度扫描仪测量土壤表面粗糙度的方法,分别研究了耕作后45天内两种粗糙度指数（均方根RMS和自相关长度ACL）随时间变化的规律,研究结果表明,无论以RMS或ACL为土壤表面粗糙度的指标,与耕后天数均为指数模型相关,其中,3种耕作条件下,RMS与耕后天数的相关性在0.88~0.93之间,而ACL与耕后天数的相关性更高,在0.94~0.95之间,通过本实验研究揭示了耕作后短期内土壤表面粗糙度随时间变化的规律,对粗细农业的具体实施具有一定的意义。     

泥蚶生长性状相关AFLP分子标记的筛选

以浙江乐清泥蚶养殖群体为育种基础群,经过2代连续选育获得了泥蚶快速生长品系,生长对比试验发现其在壳长、壳高、壳宽、总体质量等性状上都表现出了显著的生长优势。为了研究快速生长品系的遗传结构并筛查生长性状相关的分子标记,利用AFLP标记技术对泥蚶快速生长品系和对照组群体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增和电泳检测。采用40对多态性丰富的引物组合在64个个体中共扩增出2180条带谱,扩增位点总多态性比例达85.6%。从Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数反映的遗传多样性来看,选育品系的遗传多样性略高于对照组群体。群体遗传分化系数GST(0.0224)和基因流Nm(22.2811)数据显示,两群体间遗传变异很小,存在明显的基因流动。通过比对AFLP指纹图谱的位点差异,在2180条扩增带中共筛选出了7个显著性差异位点,其中2个位点只在选育品系中出现,2个位点在选育品系中出现的频率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),另有3个位点在对照组中出现频率显著高于选育品系(P<0.05)。据此初步确定这些位点为与生长性状相关的候选标记。     

鲫微卫星标记与几个生长性状的相关性分析

鲫(Carassius auratus)遗传多样性丰富,具多种不同倍性的亚种,是研究鱼类进化的独特材料。本研究利用79个SSR标记和22个EST-SSR标记检测了鲫自交F2代的181尾个体的基因型,对体重、体长、体高和体厚4个生长性状进行了单标记回归分析。Permutation检验(10000次)结果显示:有22个标记分别与体重、体长、体高和体厚具有显著相关性(P0.05),其中,HLJYJ15和HLJYJ244与4个性状均呈极显著相关(P0.01)。本研究筛选的101个微卫星标记丰富了鲫分子标记数量,可用于鲫连锁图谱的构建和QTL定位研究;获得了4个与鲫性状相关的标记及基因型,为鲫的分子标记辅助育种(MAS)和生长性状的遗传机制研究提供了工具。     

鱼类消化酶活性与其体长、体重和水质的相关性研究

对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘中4种鱼类消化器官的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性与鱼体长、体重及主要水质指标的相关性进行了研究。结果显示,草鱼肠道和肝胰脏的胃蛋白酶与水温具有显著正相关(P<0.05),而草鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、肠道和肝胰脏的脂肪酶以及鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)肝胰脏中淀粉酶与水温呈负相关(P>0.05)。4种鱼的消化酶活性与总氮和总磷呈正相关。匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)的脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性与化学耗氧量呈负相关;除鲢外,其他3种鱼的胃蛋白酶活性均与水体硬度和碱度呈正相关,而胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均与水体硬度和碱度呈负相关。草鱼和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶以及匙吻鲟消化道和肝脏胰蛋白酶与鱼的体长、体重均具有显著的正相关。     

大豆二粒荚库容含量的多年QTL分析

 【目的】定位大豆二粒荚长、宽QTL,培育二粒荚高库容含量的品种,稳定或提高大豆的产量。【方法】以美国大豆品种Charleston为母本、东北农业大学大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:14-F2:18代的重组自交系的147个株系为试验材料,164个SSR引物经亲本筛选后用于群体扩增,并构建遗传图谱。利用前两年1个地点和后三年2个地点的调查数据对亲本二粒荚长、宽性状进行调查及QTL分析。【结果】采用WinQTL Cartographer V2.0软件的CIM和MIM分析方法对QTL检测结果表明,多年多点的种植环境下,共检测到19个二粒荚长QTL分别位于A1、B2、C2、D1a、D1b、N和G连锁群上,检测到17个二粒荚宽QTL分别位于A1、C2、D1a、D1b、N和H连锁群上。在得到的这些QTL中,2种算法都能检测到的包括7个二粒荚长QTL,其连锁标记包括Satt200—qTSPL-a1-1—Satt042、Sat_214—qTSPL-d1a-1—Sat_112、Satt198—qTSPL-d1a-3—Satt502、Satt370—qTSPL-d1a-6—Satt402、Sat_092—qTSPL-c2-4—Satt289、Satt277—qTSPL-c2-5—Sct_188和Satt168—qTSPL-b2-1—Sat_083;1个二粒荚宽QTL,其连锁标记为Satt528—qTSPW-d1a-2—Satt182。在2年以上能被检测到包括8个二粒荚长QTL,其连锁标记为Satt200—qTSPL-a1-1—Satt042、Sat_119—qTSPL-a1-2—Sat_105、Sat_214—qTSPL-d1a-1—Sat_112、Satt220—qTSPL-d1a-4—Sat_162、Satt370—qTSPL-d1a-6—Satt402、Satt168—qTSPL-b2-1—Sat_083、Sat_092—qTSPL-c2-4—Satt289和Satt277—qTSPL-c2-5—Sct_188;4个二粒荚宽QTL,其连锁标记为Satt076—qTSPW-c2-1—Satt072、Satt335—qTSPW-c2-2—Sat_120、Satt200—qTSPW-a1-1—Satt042和Satt182—qTSPW-d1a-3—Satt584。【结论】得到不同方法和不同年份重复检测率较高的二粒荚长QTL和二粒荚宽QTL的连锁分子标记,为大豆二粒荚长、宽QTL的定位和今后改良大豆产量潜力提供了有力依据。     

仓方早生桃叶面积回归测算方程研究

以仓方早生桃的成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长×叶宽与叶面积(LA,y)的关系。结果表明,叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽与LA均呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9171、0.9445、0.9753;叶长和叶宽、叶长和叶长×叶宽、叶宽和叶长×叶宽与LA的复相关系数分别为0.9862、0.9876、0.9876,差异均达到了极显著水平。在此基础上建立了叶长与LA、叶宽与LA、叶长×叶宽与LA 3个简单线性回归方程以及叶长和叶宽与LA、叶长和叶长×叶宽与LA、叶宽和叶长×叶宽与LA 3个二元回归方程。6个回归方程均可作为测算仓方早生桃的叶面积。其中,以叶长和叶长×叶宽、叶宽和叶长×叶宽与LA的二元回归方程:y=128.6112+0.2677x1+0.6178x1x2、y=-59.0612+11.4454x2+0.5823x1x2测算结果更为精确。在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度和测算时的工作量进行选择。     

The Effects of Dwarfing Genes （Rht-B1b,Rht-D1b,and Rht8） with Different Sensitivity to GA3 on the Coleoptile Length and Plant Height of Wheat

Understanding the effects of wheat dwarfing genes on the coleoptile length and plant height is crucial for the proper utilization of dwarfing genes in the improvement of wheat yield. Molecular marker analysis combined with pedigree information were used to classify wheat cultivars widely planted in major wheat growing regions in China into different categories based on the dwarfing genes they carried. The effects of the dwarfing genes with different sensitivity to gibberellins （GA3） on the coleoptile length and plant height were analyzed. Screening of 129 cultivars by molecular marker analysis revealed that 58 genotypes of wheat contained the dwarfing gene Rht-B1b, 24 genotypes of wheat contained Rht-D1b gene and 73 genotypes of wheat possessed Rht8 gene. In addition, among these 129 cultivars, 35 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-B1b and Rht8 genes and 16 genotypes of wheat cultivars contained both Rht-D1b and Rht8 genes. Wheat cultivars with the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b were insensitive to GA3, while the cultivars with the dwarfing gene Rht8 were sensitive to GA3. Most of the wheat genotypes containing combination of Rht8 gene with either Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b gene were insensitive to GA3. The plant height was reduced by 24.6, 30.4, 28.2, and 32.2%, respectively, for the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋ Rht8, and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes. The plant height was reduced by 14.3% for the wheat cultivar containing GA3-sensitive gene Rht8. The coleoptile length was shortened by 25.4, 31.3, 28.4 and 31.3%, respectively, in the wheat cultivars containing Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1b ＋Rht8 and Rht-D1b ＋ Rht8 genes, while the coleoptile length was shortened only by 6.2% for the wheat cultivar containing Rht8 gene. We conclude that GA3-insensitive dwarfing genes （Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b） are not suitable for the wheat improvement in dryland because these two genes have effect on reducing both plant height and coleoptile length. In contrast, GA3- sensitive dwarfing gene （Rht8） is a relatively ideal candidate for the wheat improvement since it significantly reduces the plant height of wheat, but has less effect on the coleoptile length.     

Pressure evaluation of 3D seamless knitted bras and conventional wired bras

Seamless knitting for making bras is a novel approach. The fitting evaluation of these products remains unknown and there is limited knowledge about the effects of knitting parameters on the bra tension. This study developed 3 styles of seamless knitted bras with various loop length and elastic yarn tension based on a 2² full factorial experimental design with one additional centre level. Therefore, a total of 3 × 5= 15 new seamless bra samples have been knitted. The skin pressure exerted by the new bras was compared with 4 commercial bras including 2 “cut and sewn” wired bras and 2 seamless knitted bras. Six women subjects of breast size 75B* in our newly developed breast sizing system were invited to wear all the bra samples. The skin pressure exerted by the bra was measured by the Novel pliance-X pressure sensors on 11 body positions. The results indicated that newly developed seamless bras showed lower pressure than the commercial bras, but had a considerably higher pressure at the cup base point. The new seamless bras with the largest loop length presented the lowest pressure values. Furthermore, empirical equations were established to predict 2 critical pressure points at “apex” and “side bottom band” from two major knitting parameters. This study provides the new knowledge of seamless knitted bra fitting and the resulted bra pressure, as well as some guidelines for seamless knitted product design and manufacturing.     

Association between aflatoxin contamination and drought tolerance traits in peanut

The current study investigates the association between drought tolerance traits and aflatoxin contamination in peanut grown under long-term drought. Two field experiments were conducted at Khon Kaen University, Thailand using a split–split plot design with three drought stress levels as main plots, 11 genotypes as sub-plots, and two soil inoculations of Aspergillus flavus treatments as sub-sub-plots. The effects of temperature, soil moisture and A. flavus population on kernel colonization and aflatoxin contamination, and drought tolerance traits viz. specific leaf area (SLA) and root length density (RLD) were measured. The results demonstrated that elevated soil temperatures and reduced soil moisture, favored aflatoxin production. Drought in combination with higher levels of A. flavus inoculum load in the soil resulted in an increase in the fungal populations in the soil which in turn resulted in increased kernel colonization and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. A combination of SLA and RLD, and kernel colonization had a significant influence on aflatoxin contamination under drought conditions in both seasons (r = 0.73** and 0.76**). The results revealed that drought tolerance traits (SLA and RLD) could be contributing to resistance to aflatoxin contamination suggesting that a combination of SLA, RLD and kernel colonization could be used as selection criteria in selecting parents for aflatoxin resistance.