超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的工艺研究

目的:确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交试验确定超声波辅助提取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件。结果:超声波辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为提取剂为酸性乙醇,固液比1∶60(g/mL),超声波功率350W,萃取时间40min,提取温度75℃。在此条件下,确定的蓝莓果渣花色苷含量3.122mg/g。结论:超声波辅助提取技术对充分利用蓝莓资源获取高附加值的花色苷是可行的。     

蓝莓米酒中总花色苷含量的测定

采用消光系数和pH示差2种方法对自制蓝莓米酒中总花色苷含量进行测定,测定值分别为16.82（±0.36）mg/100mL和17.48（±0.40）mg/100mL。2种方法均较为准确地反映了样品在溶液体系中的浓度,消光系数法所测值略小于pH示差法,后者操作难度比前者大。建议相关产品研发时可选用较为简便的消光系数法,最终产品选用较为准确的pH示差法。     

6个蓝莓品种受低温冻害影响分析

[目的]对昆明6个蓝莓品种进行了冻害情况调查,为该地区蓝莓引种及防寒工作提供参考。[方法]调查研究南高丛蓝莓品种(奥尼尔、夏普蓝、密斯黛)和兔眼蓝莓品种(顶峰、灿烂、梯芙蓝)共6个蓝莓品种受低温冻害的情况。[结果]3个南高丛蓝莓品种冻害率均达到100%,3个兔眼蓝莓品种中,灿烂冻害率高达75.0%,梯芙蓝冻害率仅为16.7%,顶峰植株未遭冻害。奥尼尔和灿烂品种受冻害的器官主要为花和果,其余3个品种受低温冻害的器官不同。[结论]不同蓝莓品种具有不同的抗寒力,露天栽培中可优先考虑顶峰和梯芙蓝品种。     

越桔耐涝品种的筛选

通过对盆栽越桔采用田间观察、生理生化指标测定等方法 ,研究了引种越桔 5个类型10个品种的耐涝能力。结果表明 ,5个类型越桔的耐涝能力 ,笃斯越桔强于高丛越桔、半高丛越桔和红豆越桔 ,矮丛越桔耐涝能力最差。但半高丛、矮丛越桔中也有一些品种表现出较强的耐涝能力。各品种按耐涝能力由强到弱排列依次为 :艾朗 >兰丰 >科丽尔 >北村 >圣云 >7917>美登 =斯卫克 >芝妮 >北空     

Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Bluecrop) under various shade levels

Blueberry can readily be shaded as a bush type plant, maybe affecting its growth and photosynthesis. Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry grown under various shade levels were investigated to understand acclimation under shade conditions and to determine the optimal light conditions for agricultural purpose. Shade decreased the number of shoots per shrub, but increased shoot length. However, shade did not affect the number of leaves on the main axis. With increasing shade level, leaf length, width and area increased, but leaf thickness decreased. However, there was no obvious tendency in leaf length/width ratio with increasing shade level. Shade leaves had less dense stomata than sun leaves, but stoma was bigger in shade leaves than in sun leaves. With increasing shade level, non-photochemical quenching in blueberry leaves increased and the values were higher at low photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) in shade leaves than in sun leaves, resulting in the decreases in quantum yield, electron transport rate and net CO₂ assimilation rate (A_n). The maximum A_n at 31, 60, 73 and 83% shade levels was 11.8, 11.0, 8.4 and 7.5 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively. Following the slight decrease up to 100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD, stomatal conductance (g_s) linearly increased up to 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD and became saturated at all shade levels. The leaves of the shrubs grown under the 83% shade level had a significantly lower g_s as compared to the leaves of the shrubs grown under the 31, 60 and 73% shade levels. Transpiration rate (E) linearly increased up to 600 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD and was saturated at the 73 and 83% shade levels. However, E increased linearly at both 31 and 60% shade levels with increasing PPFD. The reproductive growth characteristics such as number of flowers, fruit set rate per flower bud and fruit yield also significantly decreased with increasing shade level. For agricultural purpose, therefore, shade level above approximately 60% of full sunlight must be avoided for optimal photosynthesis and growth of the ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry.     

Sensitivity in the estimation of parameters fitted by simple linear regression models in the ratio of blueberry buds to fruits in Chile using percentage counting

Blueberry exporting is an important activity in Chile, with fresh blueberries commanding the highest prices and being among the most exported products to the European and North American markets. To maintain quality in the centres of consumption, farmers must continuously improve the logistics of harvesting and shipping the blueberries. Thus every year they must calculate the production of the orchard well in advance in order to hire staff and ensure the logistic cold chain. For this calculation they use a count of flower buds and a simple linear model of which the slope parameter represents the number of fruits per bud. However, due to the cost of the counting procedure, some producers count only a fraction of each plant (25%, 50% or 100%), and furthermore they do not know what effect the variety and productive age of the plants may have on the estimation. The objective of this work is to measure the impact of the cultivated variety, the age of the plant in productive years, and the percentage of fruits counted in estimating the parameter fruits per bud. The study involved monitoring 310 plants of different varieties and ages distributed in northern, central and southern Chile (over an area of approximately 700 km × 200 km). The parameter was estimated by fitting simple linear regression models (SLRM) as a function of the number of fruits and flower buds. To evaluate the impact on the parameter, the SLRM was fitted considering the variables observed in all the plants, by percentage counted, by variety and by variety-age of the plant. The major findings indicate significant differences in the estimation of the parameter, suggesting that in order to estimate fruits per bud the whole plant must be counted and its age and variety taken into account.     

兔眼蓝莓品种主要农艺性状的相关分析

明确蓝莓各农艺性状对目标性状影响的主次关系,可为蓝莓引种栽培和育种提供科学依据.用多重比较、相关分析和灰色关联分析法对蓝莓8个农艺性状之间的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明,与株产关联度最大的为结果枝数,其次为每枝结果数和单果重;单株产量与株高、结果枝数、平均每枝结果数、单株一年生枝树和单果重达到了极显著正相关,与果蝇发生率为负相关.     

不同蓝莓品种在云南省丽江市表现的综合评价

[目的]为蓝莓的种植推广和丰产栽培技术提供科学依据。[方法]采用TOPSIS法对22个蓝莓栽培品种的抗性性状和农艺性状进行综合分析,对其在云南省丽江市的综合表现进行了评价。[结果]综合表现排在前10位的品种是密斯蒂、奥尼尔、灿烂、夏普蓝、芭尔得温、蓝丰、粉蓝、顶峰、布里吉塔和杰兔,这与田间实际表现相一致。[结论]TOPSIS法综合评价对蓝莓引种具有重要指导意义。     

山东省蓝莓种植中常用有机肥的应用

[目的]为了正确选择、应用有机肥。[方法]研究了蓝莓种植中施用兔子粪对蓝莓植株的生长及土壤pH的影响,研究施用豆饼对蓝莓果直径、质量、糖度的影响,同时研究施用液体有机肥对蓝莓花芽数量的影响。[结果]兔子粪可以促进蓝莓树枝条长度和宽度的增加,改善土壤pH;施用豆饼可以促进果实膨大,提高蓝莓果的产量和质量;施用液体有机肥具有增加花芽的效果。[结论]蓝莓行业中有机肥的应用具有重大的发展潜力。     

蓝莓园水花生防治技术

由于蓝莓的极高经济价值,蓝莓种植产业成为国内果树种植产业中最热门的产业之一。当前,在安徽的沿江丘陵地区掀起了蓝莓种植的热潮。但是蓝莓种植需要高标准的管理技术,草害中水花生的危害已逐渐成为制约蓝莓大规模生产的一大因子。该文综述了蓝莓园水花生的发生规律和危害,提出了"以人工防治和生物防治为主,化学防治为辅"的思路,保证有机蓝莓生产的顺利进行。