铅检测方法研究进展

通过对铅检测方法进行分析,综述了各常用方法的优缺点,并对铅检测方法的前景进行了展望。     

可用于食品安全检测的电化学核酸传感器研究初探

[目的]研究电化学生物传感器在食品安全检测的应用,构建电化学DNA生物传感器。[方法]在氧化铟锡电极上引入环氧硅烷化试剂,与氨基化寡核苷酸反应,共价固定核酸探针,用电化学方法和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行表征。[结果]5mmol／L铁氰化钾K、Fe（CN）6和50μmol／L三联吡啶钌Ru（bpy）3^2＋溶液的电化学循环伏安法扫描表明氧化铟锡（ITO）电极成功修饰。0．5cm^2电极上铺展10μl 0．5μmol／L寡核苷酸,固定总量为4μmol,固定产率为8％。XPS验证了电化学试验结果,Si2p和Nls特征峰强度分别增加了38．89％、16．67％。[结论]共价固定得到的DNA传感器基底表面,可以提高探针的牢固度及耐用性,稳定性好,具灵活性,杂交活性高,易于再生。能被广泛用作环境监测、食品分析的生物传感器基底电极。     

电位控制血红蛋白(Hb)组装制备无媒介体过氧化氢生物传感器

通过电位控制的方法将血红蛋白Hb固定在由L 半胱氨酸自组装修饰的金电极上制得过氧化氢传感器Hb/L cys/Au,并通过电化学方法（CV）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等手段对电极的修饰过程进行了表征。试验显示,该传感器对H2O2催化还原性能优良、灵敏度高、稳定性好且非常易于制做。电极在（pH值5.5）0.1 mol/L PBS中对H2O2催化还原响应良好,线性可分为2段,低浓度段为8.21×10^－8～4.83×10^－6mol/L,高浓度段为4.83×10^－6～8.22×10^－3 mol/L,检测限为8.24×10^－9mol/L。     

Bioavailability and toxicity of copper in soils: Integrating chemical approaches with responses of microbial biosensors

Copper (Cu) is a trace element essential for the healthy functioning of soil biological systems. However, at elevated concentrations Cu can be a potential toxicant. Consequently, an understanding of Cu availability and toxicity to soil biota is essential for effective ecological assessment of metal impacts in soil. The present study measured the response of a constitutive and Cu specific luminescence marked Pseudomonas fluorescens to Cu analytically determined in five soils.Conditioned Cu amended and historically contaminated soils were used. The free ion, soil pore water and solid-phase Cu were defined analytically by standard techniques frequently used to assess environmental availability of metals in soils, i.e. exchange resin, single and sequential metal extractions. The response of the constitutively expressed biosensor (i.e. a decrease in bioluminescence in the presence of Cu) assessed directly the toxicity of soil pore water Cu. The expression of bioluminescence by the bioreporter (i.e. an induction of bioluminescence by the presence of Cu) enabled quantification of Cu bioavailability in soil pore waters. Analytically determined Cu²⁺ concentrations strongly linked Cu toxicity to the biosensor responses and thus supported the conventional view of free metal ion toxicity in soil solutions. However, in two soils, other forms of Cu than free ion caused a response of the bioreporter, hence were bioavailable. Relationships between biological responses and analytically defined solid-phase Cu fractions identified pools of labile, potentially bioavailable Cu. As no single chemical method could be used to quantify bioavailable fraction of solid-phase Cu in all soils, the bioreporter provided analytical techniques with inherent biological relevance.This study demonstrates that Cu in soils with aged amendments of inorganic salts is more chemically available than in soils treated with sludge containing Cu. These differences are due to the concentration and form of Cu in the aqueous phase and the corresponding extractability of Cu in the soil solid phase. Bioreporter and biosensor validate the performance of rigorous analytical soil chemistry approaches. Their value in soil pollution should be considered a complementary technique rather than an alternative as their performance in complex environmental matrixes is yet to be validated.     

农产品质量安全中几种新型检测技术

农产品的质量安全性问题一直都是老百姓日益关注的焦点话题。综述目前几类较为新颖的农产品质量安全检测技术,探索不同检测手段中可能存在的问题,总结各类技术方法在农产品质量安全检测中的良好应用前景。     

生物传感器在病毒性疾病检测上的应用

就纳米生物传感器、压电生物传感器和一种光纤生物传感器在疾病检测上的最新应用进行综述。     

生物传感器在环境监测上的研究进展

简要介绍了生物传感器的工作原理、分类及特点,重点论述了生物传感器在环境污染监测方面应用的研究进展。主要有生化需氧量的测定、细菌总数、有机农药、表面活性剂、酚等的测定,同时探讨了生物传感器存在的不足,并对生物传感器的发展方向及前景进行了展望。     

蚕丝/石墨烯复合物的研究及应用

石墨烯的发现在材料领域掀起一阵热潮。由于具有轻而薄、强度大、透明度好、导热导电性能绝佳等优点,石墨烯及石墨烯基材料被很快应用于电子、航天、能源和生物医药领域的研究。通过不同的方法,可制备成多种不同的石墨烯/蚕丝复合物。本文对近年来各种石墨烯/蚕丝复合物的研究进行综述,总结不同复合物及其制备方法的特点,以及通过不同的方法制备的复合物在生物传感器、电容电极及载药等领域的应用,讨论了各种制备的蚕丝/石墨烯复合物的应用前景,并简要分析了蚕丝/石墨烯复合物未来可能的重点研究方向。     

检测有机磷残留的微生物传感器研究进展

有机磷杀虫剂广泛应用于世界农业中,因残留于水体与食物中,从而威胁到人类与动物健康。因此,需要实地快速、灵敏、有选择性地测定这些毒害神经的化合物。回顾了用于监测有机磷杀虫剂的生物传感器的进展,主要是应用基因重组技术构建了细胞表面表达有机磷水解酶的重组细胞作为构建微生物传感器的微生物,并总结了各类微生物传感器相关的优点与限制条件,以期为生物传感器研究提供思路与方法。     

生物传感器在食品营养标签测定中的潜在应用

生物传感器技术是近年来的研究热点,在食品分析领域早就有相关的报道,但在食品营养标签（食品成分）中的分析还并不成熟。综述了该技术在食品营养标签成分测定中的应用,主要包括食品中碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、维生素C、脂类等方面的应用进展,并对生物传感器在食品成分分析领域的发展趋势进行了展望。