丝兰提取物的作用机理及其在家禽上的应用研究进展

对丝兰提取物的主要活性成分、作用机理及其在家禽上应用的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为其作为家禽饲料添加剂的应用与推广奠定理论基础。     

Warming favours small-bodied organisms through enhanced reproduction and compositional shifts in belowground systems

The increased prevalence of smaller-bodied species under warmer conditions (community downsizing) is hypothesized as an ecologically critical consequence of climate change, leading to changes in trophic transfer efficiency, and rates of nutrient and energy flux within ecosystems. This study used 100 intact peat-soil mescosms to measure changes in belowground biodiversity under three manipulated climate variables: elevated temperature, elevated CO₂, and altered water table. Changes in species richness, abundance, community composition and body size spectra were used to determine whether climate change factors led to community downsizing, and elucidate any underlying mechanisms. Warming was the primary driver of compositional shifts in belowground fauna communities with the strongest effect among the smaller-bodied, non-sexually reproducing species. Increases in abundance driven by enhanced reproduction in small-bodied species rather than an increased extinction-rate among large-bodied predators was the basis of the observed downsizing. The overall consequences of warming-induced changes in belowground systems on ecosystem function are still unclear. However, as body size is intricately linked to metabolism, observed community downsizing suggests reductions in food web trophic transfer efficiency with consequences for nutrient and energy dynamics in belowground systems.     

油菜倍增计划项目农药类检测与评价以及科学使用

油菜倍增计划里,掌握好除草剂的使用方法是至关重要的。这样才能有效防止病虫害,提高油菜产量。     

Urban-rural and temporal differences of woody plants and bird species in Harbin city,northeastern China

Urbanization has been greatly accelerated by the economic growth in China, while its possible effects on woody plants, bird species and their associations are not well defined yet. Here, we analyzed urban-rural gradients (landscape level: urban-farmland-forest-natural reserves; city level: ring road and urban build-up history) and temporal data (1955–1980–2014 for woody plants; 1980s–2010 s for birds) in Harbin city, China, to investigate the changes in the composition and diversity of woody plants and birds during urbanization. Both landscape gradient and temporal data confirmed that urbanization had the function of species conservations with sharp increases of alien species and tropical type plants. In the case woody species, 60-yr urbanization in Harbin had induced increases of 9 families and 17 genera, and there were 7–20 more families, 12–35 more genera, 1.6–2.6 higher Margalef richness in urban areas than those in nature reserves and local forest farms; Increases in alien species (4-fold in 60-yr urbanization; 21% in urban area vs <2% for non-urban region) and tropical type plants (1.6-fold in 60-yr urbanization; temperate/tropical ratio at 1.2 in urban area vs >1.6 in non-urban area) were mainly responsible for these compositional changes, which can be proved by their significant correlations. Moreover, moderate disturbance had peak values in alien species, tropical type plants, Shannon-wiener diversity, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index, and both ring road- and buildup history gradients showed the similar tendency. Compared with those in 1980s, forest- and eurytopic-habitats birds increased 9–11 species (23–39%), and omnivorous, insect-eating, and phytophagous bird increased 5–9 species (14.1–29.4%) in those in 2010s, indicating that bird temporal changes were closely related with the changes in urban forests owing to food supply and habitat provision. Our findings could provide data for biodiversity evaluation of urbanization effects, and is also useful for ecological re-construction of local cities in China.     

塔中碳酸盐岩凝析气藏注水注气提高采收率数值模拟研究

塔中Ⅰ号气田缝洞型碳酸盐岩凝析气藏在衰竭式开发下采收率低,需要采取注水注气方式来提高采收率。首先,运用离散裂缝方法针对不同储层类型的理想模型建立了相应概念的地质模型;其次,根据不同储层类型及不同油气藏特征而采取注水或注气开采方式下的采收率进行了数值模拟;最后进行综合对比,得出适用于不同凝析油含量和不同储层类型情况下的合理开发方式。     

基于卓越农林人才教育培养计划的森林工程专业教学体系的研究

“卓越农林人才教育培养计划”作为一种新的人才培养模式对人才培养提出更高的要求,东北林业大学森林工程专业以此为指引,以社会需求为导向,对教学模式进行优化改革以弥补传统人才培养模式存在的诸多不足之处.改革涵盖了更新专业基础课,提高实验教学比重,实践教学环节更加完善,对于培养具有创新理念、初步自主创业能力的复合创新型人才起到重要的推动作用.     

酵母培养物的研究与应用进展

酵母培养物作为饲料添加剂可增加动物的采食量、提高动物的生产性能和繁殖性能,增强畜禽的体质和生存能力。文章综述了酵母培养物的作用机理及其应用现状。     

赴俄罗斯波兰森林可持续经营项目研讨会考察报告

根据"森林经营方案实施及评价"研究课题要求,赴俄罗斯、波兰广泛进行会议交流、野外现地考察等培训工作。两国林业主要共同点是森林资源丰富、国有林占主导、实行国家—区域林管局—林场三级管理体制、生态保护意识强等,主要不同点体现为资源状况与机构稳定性不同、林龄结构与树种结构不同、国有林管理机制不同、采伐政策不同、非法采伐现状不同;在森林可持续经营政策上,两国都实行分类经营,采用近自然经营模式,依法实施采伐作业,实施森林认证。值得借鉴的经验是:一要提高森林经营方案的法律地位和权威性,二要深化国有林区管理体制改革,三要加强与森林可持续经营先进国家和地区的交流培训合作。     

Developing Tools to Encourage Private Forest Landowners to Participate in Early Successional Forest Habitat Management

Wildlife organizations often engage landowners in habitat management. Landowner typology research can provide suggestions for how to work with diverse types of landowners. We explored how typologies can inform selection of tools to engage landowners in early successional habitat (ESH) management. Using a survey, effectiveness of three kinds of tools were assessed: (a) basic needs, (b) learning, and (c) social. Across all types and typologies, learning tools were most likely to influence landowner behavior, whereas social tools (e.g., recognition) were least likely. Continuing adopters were the only type of landowners that reported basic needs tools would influence them at the same level as learning tools. In each typology, landowner types with higher behavioral intention were more likely to be influenced by all of the tools. Thus, tools may reinforce behaviors, rather than engage the unengaged. We suggest learning tools be initially prioritized to encourage ESH management.     

酸化剂在家禽生产中的应用效果

酸化剂作为环保型饲料添加剂的应用研究越来越受人们的重视。本文系统介绍了酸化剂的种类、作用机理、在家禽生产中的应用效果以及使用过程存在的问题,旨在为今后酸化剂在家禽生产中的应用提供参考。