长江三峡库区土壤动物群落结构初步研究

于长江三峡大坝工程开工前的1998年,对三峡库区几个地点（秭归、万县、神农架）不同海拔和生境下的土壤动物群落进行了调查研究.研究表明,整个地区不同生境中土壤动物的优势类群为线虫;常见类群有螨、弹尾目、线蚓、熊虫和猛水蚤目等;同一地点不同植被下,土壤动物类群之间存在着一定的相似性和差异.相关性检验表明：土壤节肢动物类群数与个体数之间的相关性受海拔、植被影响不大.研究还发现,生境条件（海拔、植被类型等）越优越,土壤动物的多样性指数越高.不同群落相似性比较显示,海拔相同、植被相近的群落相似性指数高.对线虫、螨类和弹尾目的数量差异分析表明,秭归地区三个类群受植被、海拔影响不大;万县地区海拔对蜱螨、弹尾目影响较大;神农架地区线虫分布受植被影响较大,螨类和弹尾目在不同植被和土层广布,而该地区枯枝落叶层中螨类数量随植被、海拔变化显著.     

Biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes of Mesoamerica: Past, present and future

Mesoamerica provides a unique context for biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes because of its geography, history of human intervention, and present conservation and development initiatives. The long and narrow form of the Mesoamerican landmass, and its division by a central mountain range, has served as both a bridge and a barrier. Conservation efforts in Mesoamerica are unique for the emphasis they place on regional connectivity through the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and on biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes. The emphasis on conservation in agricultural systems has fostered innovations in payment for ecosystem services, and provides novel insights on the functional role that biodiversity plays in the provisioning of ecosystem services. The increasing rate of economic development in the region and the advent of new payment for ecosystem service schemes have provided new opportunities for forest regeneration and restoration. However, the small scale of private landholdings and the diversity of land uses featured in the region, while contributing to biodiversity conservation due to their structural and floristic complexity, present challenges for biodiversity monitoring and management.     

Does butterfly diversity predict moth diversity? Testing a popular indicator taxon at local scales

Indicator taxa are often proposed as efficient ways of identifying conservation priorities, but the correlation between putative indicators and other taxa has not been adequately tested. We examined whether a popular indicator taxon, the butterflies, could provide a useful surrogate measure of diversity in a closely related but relatively poorly known group, the moths, at a local scale relevant to many conservation decisions (10⁰-10¹ km²). We sampled butterflies and moths at 19 sites representing the three major terrestrial habitats in sub-alpine Colorado: meadows, aspen forests, and conifer forests. We found no correlation between moth and butterfly diversity across the 19 sites, using any of five different diversity measures. Correlations across only meadow sites (to test for correlation within a single, species-rich habitat) were also not significant. Butterflies were restricted largely to meadows, where their host plants occur and thermal environment is favorable. In contrast, all three habitats contained substantial moth diversity, and several moth species were restricted to each habitat. These findings suggest that (1) butterflies are unlikely to be useful indicators of moth diversity at a local scale; (2) phylogenetic relatedness is not a reliable criterion for selecting appropriate indicator taxa; and (3) a habitat-based approach would more effectively conserve moth diversity in this landscape and may be preferable in many situations where indicator taxa relationships are untested.     

综合利用水库兴利调度非线性算法的分析研究

针对综合利用水库的兴利调度提出动态规划和模糊算法两种非线性计算方法。以 陕西石头河水库为对象,分别应用上述两种算法,并对计算结果进行了分析比较。     

日本落叶松根腐病病原丝核菌拮抗菌的研究

日本落叶松根腐病是由立枯丝核菌(RhizoctoriasalaniKhn.)引起的一种危害严重的侵染性病害,它腐烂树根,传染蔓延迅速。该病原还同时严重危害苗木,引起苗木大量发生立枯病。为了寻求一种有效抑制该病害的方法,从花盆土中分离到1株木霉菌(Trichodenmasp),采用对峙法研究其对丝核菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:该木霉菌株对丝核菌有明显的拮抗作用。将该菌株用于日本落叶松育苗和移栽生产中,可预防和减轻根腐病的发生。     

杂谷脑河流域河谷区植被及其生物多样性

对岷江上游杂谷脑河流域干旱河谷区典型地段植被及其生物多样性进行了研究。结果表明：岷江上游杂谷脑河流域干旱河谷区植物种类较少，且具有荒漠化半荒漠化性质，阴坡植被明显比阳坡丰富；该区植被及其生物多样性指数在阴坡和阳坡均表现出随海拔升高而增大的趋势；该区域植被恢复宜从阴坡着手。     

大戟科植物二萜化合物药理活性的研究进展

综述了国内外大戟科植物二萜化合物的活性成分及药理活性的研究进展,该科植物所含有的二萜类成分具有显著的抗肿瘤、杀虫杀菌、抗溃疡等药理活性,值得进一步研究。     

毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征及16S rDNA多样性分析

本研究利用传统的细菌分离方法,结合16S rDNA序列分析对毛竹竹鞭内生细菌的特征和多样性进行了分析。从福建省武夷山、将乐、长汀毛竹竹鞭中分离到34株内生细菌,初步归属于14属,20种。来源于不同地区的毛竹竹鞭内生细菌组成存在较大差异,其优势菌群为产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes）和葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）。     

Hg~(2+)、Pb~(2+)对牛蛙坐骨神经干动作电位阈值及传导速度的影响

为了观察重金属离子(Hg2+和Pb2+)对牛蛙离体坐骨神经干动作电位传导速度的影响,探讨重金属离子Hg2+和Pb2+污染对两栖类动物牛蛙的作用,制备牛蛙离体坐骨神经干,分为Hg2+浸泡液浓度组(0.02、0.04、0.08、0.10、0.20、0.30 mg/L);Pb2+浸泡液浓度组(0.08、0.15、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.00 mg/L);Hg2+和Pb2+混合浸泡液浓度组(Hg2+0.064 mg/L+Pb2+0.080 mg/L,Hg2+0.048 mg/L+Pb2+0.160 mg/L,Hg2+0.032 mg/L+Pb2+0.240 mg/L,Hg2+0.016 mg/L+Pb2+0.320 mg/L),用BL-420F生物机能实验系统引导神经干动作电位,测定神经干动作电位阈值及传导速度。结果表明,Hg2+不同处理主要起增大牛蛙坐骨神经干阈值作用,Pb2+不同处理下牛蛙坐骨神经干阈值变化不明显,Hg2+与Pb2+联合则牛蛙坐骨神经干阈值大多表现增大且Hg2+起主要作用。Hg2+、Pb2+以及Hg2+与Pb2+联合时牛蛙离体坐骨神经干动作电位传导速度均出现不规律变化。