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41.
果子狸在家养条件下行为再塑的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文对51只从野外捕获的野生果子狸进行了6年的人工驯化,观察了在家养条件下行为再塑的时间,以及领域空间,栖息地再造和操作行为现塑的影响。 相似文献
42.
半散放条件下梅花鹿初夏昼间活动节律 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
初夏,对半散放条件下梅花鹿的各种行为进行了研究。结果表明:梅花鹿的取食卧息行为有较的一致性。取食行为构成梅花鹿初夏的主要活动,占昼间时间的67.47%,梅花鹿在昼间表现为3个取食高峰。雌雄梅花鹿在初夏的行为差异不显著,在不同天气情况下雌雄梅花鹿的行为差异也不显著。 相似文献
43.
Mohammad Navid Forsatkar Gholamreza Rafiee Hamid Farahmand Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2017,29(2):183-196
A study was designed to investigate the possible positive prebiotic effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth and reduction of anxiety behaviors in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 g MOS kg?1 and were fed to juvenile fish (0.47 ± 0.017 g) in triplicates for six weeks. Significant differences were found in the final body weight, body weight intake, percent body weight intake, and specific growth rate among treatments. The regression analyses showed that the optimum MOS level was 4–4.1 g MOS kg?1 diet. Fish fed 4 g MOS kg?1 feed showed higher survival than the other treatments. Also, using the novel tank test, fish fed with 4 g MOS kg?1 diet showed lower anxiety by swimming in the upper portion of the tank. The other behavior parameters remained unaffected by the prebiotic. The results indicated the beneficial effect of the prebiotic MOS on growth and partly on welfare of zebrafish juveniles. 相似文献
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Many fish rearing infrastructures are already equipped with human-operated camera systems for fish behavior monitoring, e.g. for stopping the feeding system when the fish is satiated or for monitoring of fish behavior abnormalities caused by poor water quality or diseases. The novel infrared reflection (IREF) system for indoor 3D tracking of fish demonstrated in the current study allows for automation of fish behavior monitoring, reducing the system running costs by eliminating the need for continuous human monitoring and increasing the behavioral analysis accuracy by excluding the human subjectivity factor.The operating principle of this system is based on the effect of strong absorption of near infrared (NIR) range light by water, thus allowing estimation of fish distance based on the corresponding fish object brightness on the camera image. The use of NIR illuminator as a part of the IREF system allows fish behavior monitoring in the dark so as not to affect fish circadian rhythm. A system evaluation under aquaculture facility conditions with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using flow-through water in tanks, showed the mean depth estimation error was equal to 5.3 ± 4.0 (SD) cm. The physiological variations among conspecific individual fish introduced the mean depth estimation error of 1.6 ± 1.3 (SD) cm. The advantages of the IREF system over well-known stereo vision systems are lower hardware cost and less computationally intensive 3D coordinates estimation algorithm, while the disadvantage is lower accuracy that is nevertheless acceptable for most applications of aquaculture fish monitoring. 相似文献
47.
信息化合物对西花蓟马的行为调控及其应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)是一种危险性的外来入侵害虫,其寄主范围广、繁殖速度快、抗药性强、防治难度大,在我国发生后对蔬菜、花卉等经济作物造成了严重的损害。信息化合物在昆虫与植物或昆虫与昆虫之间的化学联系中起着决定性的作用,它调控着昆虫的多种行为。本文主要综述了植物挥发性物质及昆虫信息素对西花蓟马的行为调控及其在防治中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
48.
Hanna Werhahn Engel F. HesselHanna Schulze MSc Herman F.A. Van den Weghe Prof Dr Ir 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(7):417-425
In Germany, most competition horses are housed in single stalls and free exercise is not permitted in many cases. The reason for not allowing free exercise is mostly the risk of injury. Additionally, opinions exist that the horses’ demand for exercise is fulfilled by training and that the horses’ willingness to perform is negatively influenced by free exercise. In the present study, three turnout practices were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of four horses: daily training without free exercise (no turnout), 2-hour turnout (for free exercise) before training, and 2-hour turnout after training. The aim of this study was to determine any differences in the horses’ behavior between the three treatments. The horses’ behavior in the stable was observed through video recordings. The behavior during turnout was observed directly and during training was evaluated by the riders with the aid of a questionnaire. Additionally, the distance covered during turnout was measured by Global Positioning System devices. The behavior within the stall was more restless in the treatment without turnout—which became apparent in significantly more frequent changes between behaviors as compared with the treatments with turnout. The results of Global Positioning System measurement during turnout showed a significantly shorter distance covered when horses were trained before they were turned out compared with turnout before training. If the horses were turned out after training, they also showed less trotting and cantering and more dozing. The horses’ willingness to perform was not significantly different between the three treatments. 相似文献
49.
Elfenbein JR Robertson SA Corser AA Urion RJ Sanchez LC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(5):1134-1137
Background: Ketamine as continuous rate infusion (CRI) provides analgesia in hospitalized horses. Objective: Determine effects of prolonged CRI of ketamine on gastrointestinal transit time, fecal weight, vital parameters, gastrointestinal borborygmi, and behavior scores in healthy adult horses. Animals: Seven adult Thoroughbred or Thoroughbred cross horses, with permanently implanted gastric cannulae. Methods: Nonblinded trial. Random assignment to 1 of 2 crossover designed treatments. Ketamine (0.55 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes followed by 1.2 mg/kg/h) or lactated Ringer's solution (50 mL IV over 15 minutes followed by 0.15 mL/kg/h) treatments. Two hundred 3 × 5 mm plastic beads administered by nasogastric tube before drug administration. Every 2 hours vital parameters, behavior scores recorded, feces collected and weighed, and beads retrieved. Every 6 hours gastrointestinal borborygmi scores recorded. Study terminated upon retrieval of 180 beads (minimum 34 hours) or maximum 96 hours. Nontransit time data analyzed between hours 0 and 34. Results: No significant (P < .05) differences detected between treatments in vital signs or gastrointestinal borborygmi. Significant (P = .002) increase in behavior score during ketamine infusion (0.381) from hours 24–34 compared with placebo (0). Ketamine caused significant delay in passage of 25, 50, and 75% of beads (ketamine = 30.6 ± 5.3, 41.4 ± 8.4, 65.3 ± 13.5 hours versus placebo = 26.8 ± 7.9, 34.3 ± 11.1, 45.8 ± 19.4 hours), and significant (P < .05) decrease in fecal weight from hours 22 (12.6 ± 3.2 versus 14.5 ± 3.8 kg) through 34 (18.5 ± 3.9 versus 12.8 ± 6.4 kg) of infusion. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ketamine CRI delayed gastrointestinal transit time in healthy horses without effect on vital parameters. 相似文献
50.
采用即时取样和扫描法对河南董寨国家级自然保护区3个朱鹮笼舍的3对朱鹮行为进行了45 d,计585 h的观察。结果显示:(1)朱鹮非繁殖期昼间各行为休息(40.12%)占比例最大,其次是理羽(17.45%)、刨啄(14.03%)、运动(12.32%)、取食(11.30%)、剧烈运动(3.99%)、水浴(0.54%)、其他(0.26%)。(2)朱鹮活动呈一定的节律性,休息的2个显著高峰分别在6:00和18:00,另外2个小高峰分别在10:00和14:00;运动小高峰在12:00;取食2个显著高峰分别在9:00和15:00;理羽有4个小高峰,分别在7:00、10:00、14:00和17:00;水浴的2个高峰分别在13:00和14:00;刨啄的2个高峰分别在12:00和16:00。(3)两性昼间行为峰值也存在着一些差异,雌鸟和雄鸟相比之下,运动早,中午休息少,洗浴早,创啄多,取食强度较小。 相似文献