母兔食仔行为浅析

本文分析了引起母兔食仔的原因,提出了相应的防治措施。     

Behavioral, morphological deformities and biomarkers of oxidative damage as indicators of sublethal cypermethrin intoxication on the tadpoles of D. melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)

Concerns have been raised that the amphibian larval stages are particularly at risk and may be vulnerable to adverse effects of pesticides. The present study reports acute toxicity of cypermethrin at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h through static renewal bioassay test for Duttaphrynus melanostictus. The LC₅₀ values were 5.15, 4.55, 3.95, and 3.34 μg/L for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. At sublethal concentration (0.33 μg/L) behavioral, morphological and biochemical changes were studied. The behavioral and morphological anomalies observed in the present study are typical signs of cyano pyrethroid poisoning. Significant changes were observed in total, soluble, and structural proteins. The depletion of all the protein fractions observed in this investigation led to progressive protein oxidation and catabolism of proteins. Decreased protein level has resulted in a marked elevation of free amino acid levels at all time intervals. The induction of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and elevation in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde eventually lead to oxidative damage of biomolecules, showing that the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in the toxicity induced by cypermethrin. Indicating increased susceptibility of tadpoles. Thus, an exposure to cypermethrin at sublethal concentration had catastrophic effect on tadpoles of D. melanostictus.     

樟子松种子小蜂成虫对寄主植物代谢物质的行为反应

以樟子松种子小蜂成虫(Eurytoma sp.)为材料,观察了小蜂成虫的交尾习性及其寿命与补充营养的关系。利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定了雌雄成虫对叔丁胺、4-羟基-2-丁酮、1,2-二氯乙烷、异辛烷、1,3,5-环庚三烯5种标准化合物的行为反应。结果表明:在5种挥发物3个体积分数(0.02%、0.02%和2.00%)中,雌成虫选择率最高的为叔丁胺(选择率达66.67%),其次为1,3,5-环庚三烯;而雄成虫选择率最高的为1,3,5-环庚三烯(选择率达63.33%),其次为叔丁胺和1,2-二氯乙烷。雌雄成虫对5种挥发物质的触角电位(EAG)反应结果表明:雌成虫均对2%的叔丁胺的EAG反应最强(反应值为0.186 4),而雄成虫对2%的1,2-二氯乙烷的EAG反应最强(反应值为0.292 2)。雌成虫对1,2-二氯乙烷的反应呈随体积分数增加而增强的趋势,雄成虫对1,2-二氯乙烷和1,3,5-环庚三烯的反应也表现为随体积分数的增加而增强。     

观光农业园中游人行为与景观的关系研究——以深圳某观光农业园为例

主要以行为心理学为理论基础,通过对深圳某观光农业园进行实地调查,观察游人在园中的分布情况及所进行的活动,分析游人的行为倾向和其发生的背景环境之间内在的关系,以探讨观光农业园吸引游人的景观元素,了解游人潜在的行为需求,对以后观光农业园的景观设计如何更好地满足游人的行为需求有所帮助。     

一氧化氮对三角涡虫运动和摄食行为的影响

通过建立不同的培养条件,分别在含有外源性L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N-硝基-L精氨酸甲酯(N-nitro-L-ar-ginine methyl ester,L-NAME)以及外源性亚硝基铁氰化钠的培养液中对三角涡虫进行阶段培养,运用图像分析技术对三角涡虫的摄食行为进行动态追踪。经各项数据的统计与分析,认为NO对三角涡虫的摄食以及运动等行为都有一定程度的影响。     

环境心理学在城市环境设计中的运用研究——以城市街道环境设施设计为例

解析了城市社会心理学与环境心理学的概念,认为城市是成千上万不同阶层、不同民族、不同性格的人们共同感受的事物,而街道和道路是城市的骨架和脉络,具有交通和空间两大功能。提出了道路景观的设计原则,以街道上的环境设施作为研究街道景观环境的切入点,针对目前城市建设中存在的单纯注重交通功能,忽视户外活动场所功能的现实问题,提出运用城市环境心理学,从人的角度去考虑设施设计、建设设施的问题,并对目前国内街道上的设施设计建设过程中存在的机制和管理方面的问题提出了相关建议。     

Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (I): Behavior and Activity Patterns during Free Exercise According to Its Configuration

Although welfare of animals has become more important, housing horses in systems that limit natural behavior patterns is still widespread. Single stalls are the predominant housing system in Germany, especially for competition horses. Free exercise on fields or paddocks helps to improve welfare for the animals, but allowing it is not taken for granted by many horse keepers. In the present study, three common management practices were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses housed in single stalls: 2-hour turnout after training in groups of two horses (group turnout [GT]), solitary turnout (ST) after training for 2 hours, and no turnout (NT) in addition to training. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the horses’ behavior during turnout, training, and in the stable caused by the treatments. This article focuses on the behavior and activity patterns during turnout. The horses’ behavior was observed directly by the scan sampling method (5-minute interval), and the distance covered during turnout was measured by global positioning system devices. During turnout, the horses spent most of the time eating. After 1 hour of being turned out, eating decreased, and occupation, locomotion, and social interaction increased. When turnout was allowed in groups (GT), the horses spent more time in social interactions and less time walking and trotting than in ST. Therefore, they also covered a greater distance in ST than in GT. The distance covered in ST also showed a greater deviation both within and between days compared with GT.     

城市公园中的社会公众需求分析

城市公园的设计和改造应充分考虑人的行为规律,创造令公众舒适、愉悦、优美的空间。从社会公众需求的角度出发,提出城市公园应该满足人的基本需求和人对自然环境的需求,并对公园中不同使用人群的需求进行深入研究,提出应对的措施和方法。     

计算机视觉技术在智能养猪中的研究进展

计算机视觉是人工智能的重要发展方向,可以显著改善人与世界的交互方式,加强计算机视觉技术在智能养猪中的研究和应用必将为养猪业带来一场变革。本文综述了计算机视觉技术在猪只识别、行为监测、体尺测量、体重估测、肉品质评定、疾病监测等方面的研究进展,以期促进我国养猪业的智能化发展。     

果子狸在家养条件下行为再塑的研究

本文对５１只从野外捕获的野生果子狸进行了６年的人工驯化,观察了在家养条件下行为再塑的时间,以及领域空间,栖息地再造和操作行为现塑的影响。