梨小食心虫在蟠桃园的危害和发生动态初探

[目的]探索梨小食心虫在蟠桃园的发生规律及其习性。[方法]以梨小食心虫为供试材料,观察其在蟠桃园的危害症状、危害部位、发生规律及其习性。[结果]梨小食心虫在石河子地区1年发生4代,越冬代幼虫出蛰期不整齐,造成成虫羽化期不一致,世代重叠现象严重,特别是第2代与第3代、第3代与第4代,各代间没有明显的界限。梨小食心虫主要以幼虫蛀食为害,因此其防治适期应在卵高峰至幼虫孵化高峰期,也可将防治重点放到第1代幼虫上,可有效降低后3代和越冬虫口基数。应用性诱剂也是防治梨小食心虫的一种有效方法。[结论]该研究为梨小食心虫的科学防治提供了理论依据。     

首都国际机场地区夜鹭迁徙动态和繁殖生态初步研究

2008年2-10月，开始对迁入北京国际机场地区的夜鹭迁徙动态和繁殖生态进行观察研究。基本弄清本地区夜鹭迁入和迁出及繁殖规律。在夜鹭繁殖生态研究中，我们选择16个繁殖种群，并对276窝夜鹭的繁殖生态习性进行定点、定时的观察研究，尽力找出夜鹭在夜间活动对夜行飞机的影响，为飞机的避让及机场鸟击防灾综合治理工作提供科学依据。     

不同分群组合对圈养平原斑马行为影响的研究

采用瞬间扫描取样法,对福州动物园饲养的五只平原斑马在分群期间的行为进行观察、记录、分析和总结,根据其行为变化来确定如何配对分群,并根据分群后的情况对其饲养作相应调整.     

新疆农业保险行为主体的博弈分析

农业保险具有低保额、低收费、低保障和高风险、高成本、高赔付的特性。本研究首先运用Logistic模型对农户参与农业保险的11个影响因素进行分析,结果表明,各因素对农户实际是否投保影响均不显著,得出新疆农户在是否投保没有话语权的结论;其次应用博弈理论,对保险行为主体政府、保险公司两者进行实证分析,得出结论：政府要从全社会的利益出发,在农户所能承担保费的前提下,给予保险公司保费补贴,两者之和要达到保险公司开办农业保险业务的盈亏临界点,从而支持农业保险的发展。     

Molecular tests for coat colours in horses

Colour phenotypes may have played a major role during early domestication events and initial selection among domestic animal species. As coat colours mostly follow a relatively simple mode of Mendelian inheritance, they have been among the first traits to be systematically analysed at the molecular level. As a result of the number of genetic tools developed during the past decade, horse coat colour tests have been designed and are now commercially available for some of the basic phenotypes. These tests enable breeders to verify segregation within particular pedigrees, to select specific colour phenotypes according to market demand or studbook policies and to avoid complex inherited diseases associated with some of the colour patterns. This paper reviews the relevance of the topic, describes all currently available tests for coat colours in horses and addresses also ongoing research in this field.     

圈养麇鹿冬季昼间行为及活动规律

2008年11-12月在济南动物园,采用瞬时扫描取样法、焦点动物取样法和全事件取样法,对9只圈养麋鹿的行为及活动规律进行了研究。结果表明,麇鹿冬季行为时间分配比例依次为卧息（36．45％±7．34％）、取食（24．79％±8．11％）、运动（18．67％±5．93％）、反刍（17．50％±5．52％）、其他（2．59％±0．87％）。在冬季麋鹿的卧息在1d内有1个高峰期（12：30～14：30）,取食在1d中有2个高峰期（8：30～9：30和17：30～18：30）,占糜鹿各种行为比例最多的2种行为在1d中是交替出现的,运动在10：30和15：30各有1个较为明显的高峰期,反刍在1d中有1个高峰期（9：30～11：30）,其他行为在1d中发生的较为随机,没有明显的高峰期。年龄因素对糜鹿冬季昼间的卧息、取食和运动行为的影响差异极显著（P〈0．01）,对其他行为影响显著（P〈0．05）,对反刍行为影响不显著（P〉0．05）;性别因素对糜鹿冬季昼间的行为影响不显著（P〉0．05）。     

野牦牛行为及其环境关系的研究

[目的]为了探索野牦牛的行为习性及其生态环境,[方法]我们通过对青藏高原野牦牛的遗传资源进行调查,[结果]发现野牦牛经过长期的自然选择,它的迁徙、采食、繁殖等行为与特殊的高原环境形成了良好的协同关系,但环境的变化使这一珍惜物种逐步减小.[结论]环境保护是挽救这一物种的重要措施.     

Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress

Although housing horses in single stalls limits their natural behavior to a great extent, this housing system is widespread in Germany, especially for competition horses. To improve the welfare of this system, free exercise on pastures or paddocks is deemed suitable, but it is also feared because of injuries and decreased willingness or motivation to perform. In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout). The horses’ behavior in the stable was continuously analyzed through video recordings (2 pm to 6 am) on 3 days at the end of each treatment. The degree of stress was evaluated daily by heart rate variability at rest. The behavior during training was evaluated by a questionnaire answered by the riders, and the distance covered during training was measured by global positioning system. When NT was allowed, the horses showed less lying in the stable compared with the treatments with turnout. Heart rate variability measurements resulted in great individual differences, but generally, there was a higher degree of stress shown with the treatment NT according to the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive inter-beat-intervals (RMSSD), and ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF). The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout.     

水稻优生区农户资本禀赋对其耕地保护决策行为的影响——基于双栏模型的实证研究

水稻优生区农户对耕地实施保护性耕作的决策行为对于水稻产量及品质具有重要影响。本文基于农户资本禀赋视角,将农户资本禀赋分为人力资本禀赋、经济资本禀赋、自然资本禀赋和社会资本禀赋,借助水稻优生区宁夏青铜峡394户农户的微观数据,运用双栏模型将农户参与耕地保护决策行为划分为参与意愿和参与程度两个决策行为阶段,实证分析了水稻优生区农户资本禀赋对其参与耕地保护决策行为的影响,以期为科学制定水稻优生区耕地保护相关政策、保障农业绿色经济发展提供参考和借鉴。研究表明：1）绝大多数农户愿意参加耕地保护行为,但其从事耕地保护的支付意愿相对较低,愿意参加耕地保护的农户占73.86%,而平均支付意愿仅为3 100.65元·hm^-2;2）人力资本禀赋（文化程度和农业培训）、经济资本禀赋（家庭收入和农机投入）以及社会资本禀赋（社会关系和社会参与）对农户耕地保护参与意愿和参与程度均为正向影响,自然资本禀赋（耕地禀赋和破碎程度）对农户耕地保护参与意愿有正向影响,对参与程度有负向影响;3）耕地保护重要性认知仅对农户耕地保护参与意愿有促进作用,而耕地保护政策了解程度对农户耕地保护参与意愿和参与程度均有促进作用。最后,提出建立健全耕地保护经济补偿政策、积极组建各类农业合作社和耕地保护组织以及培养新型农民、加大稻作区耕地保护宣传力度等政策建议。     

环境丰容对单独圈养黑猩猩行为影响的研究

对广州动物园科研中心的2只单独圈养的黑猩猩进行环境丰容,采取焦点观察法和连续记录法,记录2只黑猩猩丰容前后的各行为持续时间。结果表明,环境丰容对2只单独圈养黑猩猩的行为产生影响,雌性黑猩猩积极行为显著增加,刻板行为和一般行为显著降低,而雄性黑猩猩的探究和进食行为明显提高。