楠溪江古乡村园林研究初探

介绍了楠溪江流域岩头村丽水街、苍坡村及林坑村3个典型古乡村园林的历史由来和建筑格局,指出其具有拙朴自然、功能实用、公共性强等特点,并与私家园林和皇家园林作了比较,进一步提出楠溪江古乡村园林所具有的价值和现代意义。提出了建立以村民为中心的保护机制、以旅游开发促保护和实施政策倾斜的保护机制的建议。     

大渡河上游天然岷江柏木移植试验及种质资源保存

为寻找岷江柏木最佳的种质资源保存方式,以马尔康市天然起源岷江柏木为对象,从岷江柏木移植试验入手,结合已有的岷江柏木种质资源保存方法,进行了两方面研究:1)探讨了不同移植时间、不同树龄、不同修枝比例对岷江柏木移植的影响。试验共移植216株个体,1 a后成活8株,成活率3.70%。主根发达、须根偏少,土壤贫瘠且砾石含量多,移植施工的直接伤害、移植地环境难以完全相似等因素,直接影响到岷江柏木移植的成活率。2)比较了原地保护、异地移植、采种育苗、存入种质资源库等岷江柏木种质资源保护方式。提出在原地保存不可行的情况下,应优先采取采种育苗,结合入库保存等方式保护岷江柏木种质资源。     

长江经济带国家级自然保护区内社区居民现状与发展对策

中国自然保护区多处于地理位置偏僻的贫困落后地区,且在有关法律条文规定下,居民对保护区内资源利用受限,特别是核心区和缓冲区中众多的社区居民给自然保护区管理带来压力,自然保护区保护与社区经济发展之间的矛盾日益凸显。文中通过对重点区域长江经济带国家级自然保护区内居民现状进行调查和分析,探讨不同类型自然保护区内社区居民人口密度、经济水平和自然资源依赖程度的差异,并针对自然保护区内社区发展存在的主要问题包括人口众多、经济水平受限等,提出降低保护区内人口密度、多形式提高居民收入、发展生态旅游和加强可持续经营管理等建议。     

Study on Cultural Technologies and Salt-resistance of Nitraria sibirica in Coastal Areas with Serious Salt-affected Soil

In this research, five Nitraria sibirica provenances such as Dayilu were selected to do experiment of salt-resistance, combining fixed plots test with typical plot investigation, measuring survival rate and growth as main indicators. The experiments of main cultural technology were done on Nitraria sibirica in 4 types of site preparation, 3 types of planting, 3 designs for planting density. The Nitraria sibirica experiments for the effects of curbing salt and improving soil were done by testing soil nutrients, salt content, soil physical properties as focal points in typical site of 3-4 years woods. The experiment results showed that the Nitraria sibirica could survive well with soil salt content of 0.6%, and that survival rate declined distinctively as soil salt content exceeded 0.8%. However, high soil salt content did not influence growth in the year of planting. There were obvious differences in salt-tolerance among Nitraria sibirica provenances; Dayilu was the best on salt-tolerance, the other 4 pro     

扭黄茅竞争对金沙江干热河谷区滇榄仁幼苗早期生长的影响

滇榄仁为金沙江干热河谷特有的一级标志种,常与乡土草本植物扭黄茅形成"稀树草丛"景观。长期以来,滇榄仁幼苗极少能在自然群落中成功建植。为了探讨扭黄茅竞争对滇榄仁幼苗早期生长和存活的影响,通过室内盆栽实验人为控制滇榄仁幼苗与扭黄茅之间的竞争强度,研究了扭黄茅竞争对滇榄仁幼苗形态、生物量积累与分配以及叶片数量与大小等特征的影响。结果表明,扭黄茅竞争严重限制了滇榄仁幼苗的早期生长。当存在扭黄茅竞争时,滇榄仁幼苗的生物量分配格局发生了较大变化,根冠比变化范围为0.42 0.62之间。无论滇榄仁幼苗延后定居、同时定居或提前定居,其根系长度以及生物量干质量均会因为受到限制而缩短或减少。然而,定居时间在滇榄仁幼苗存活与生长状况中扮演了一个极为重要的角色。提前定居时,滇榄仁幼苗根冠比远高于同时定居和延后定居时,且其根冠比不受扭黄茅竞争强度的显著影响,表现出了较强的竞争力。     

嫩江流域中下游地区植被与水文关系研究

本文通过对嫩江流域中下游地区土地利用现状的调查 ,并通过区域性试验表明 ,合理调整农业、林业、牧业等产业结构 ,是提高嫩江流域中下游地区经济发展水平的有效措施 ;通过测定 ,林木对地表径流、土壤水分、空气湿度有很大影响 ,均比无林地及耕地的影响效果显著。     

Streamflow responses to vegetation manipulations along a gradient of precipitation in the Colorado River Basin

The Colorado River Basin has been, and continues to be, the focus of a wide diversity of research efforts to learn more about the effects of natural and human-induced disturbances on the processes and functioning of the basin's upland watersheds. These watersheds are situated at the headwaters of streams and rivers that supply much of the water to downstream users in the western United States. Responses of streamflow to vegetation manipulations have been, and are, one of the research foci in this water-deficient part of the country. The watershed-scale research, led by the U.S. Forest Service and its cooperators, has spanned nearly a century and included an array of vegetation types along a wide range of precipitation gradients. Results from this research have shown that vegetation can be managed to enhance annual water yields while still providing the other natural resource benefits. Analyses of the research results suggest that the effect of vegetation manipulation on streamflow is associated with precipitation–elevational gradient and, therefore, vegetation type. An annual water yield increase between 25 and 100 mm could be achieved by implementing vegetation manipulations in the high elevation subalpine and mixed conifer forests, the ponderosa pine forests (in the Lower Basin), and portions of the low elevation chaparral shrublands. Negligible effects or small increases in water yield were observed for treating sagebrush, pinyon-juniper woodland and desert scrubs. Results from this research have improved our understanding of the basin's hydrology and provided much needed insights to manage forest to mitigate global climate change induced hydrologic impact and meet the increased needs of people living in the basin.     

河南长江流域防护林工程水土保持效益评价

涵养水源和保育土壤是森林的主要生态功能。通过采用森林生态系统服务功能实物量、价值量评估方法对长防林工程实施区域森林的水土保持效益进行的评价,结果表明,长防林工程实施后林地可调节水量12.936亿m3,固土0.135亿t,林地的水土保持效益价值达126.247亿元。经过20年的长防林工程建设,项目区内森林资源快速增长,水土流失面积大幅度减少,工程建设对生态环境的改善起到了明显的作用。     

滦河水混凝特性的试验研究

针对滦河水的水质特点 ,分三个水质时期分别进行了混凝小试、不同预处理条件下的中试试验 ,以运行成本、处理水质为前提 ,得出了不同水质时期的建议处理方式 :低温低浊期、常温常浊期采用预加氯工艺 ,高温高藻期使用预臭氧+活性炭工艺.     

道者,自然之理——浅析珠三角绿道网规划建设的价值

通过对珠三角绿道网规划的解读,阐述了珠三角绿道网概念的由来,以及绿道在自然理念的延伸、人文生态价值的演绎和多功能并存等三方面的价值塑造,揭示了绿道独具中国"道者,自然之理"之大智慧,以及引领理想城市生活、弘扬新广东精神等方面的精神内涵。