浅谈牦牛杂种优势利用问题

本文简述了我国牦牛业的特殊地位,阐明了牦牛杂种优势利用的几种途径。     

钻孔灌注桩施工中岩层漏浆故障处理

本文通过对某大桥钻孔灌注桩施工情况分析。阐述了钻孔灌注桩施工中岩层漏浆故障的原因。同时介绍了几种处理方法。如补浆法、封堵法、内护筒法。     

不同饲养方式养羊产肉对比试验

在获取营养物质相近的情况下， 采取舍饲， 补饲和放牧三种方式， 羊的增重产肉效果有明显不同， 这是由于运动和防寒耗能不同的原故。同时舍饲羊胴体干物质和脂肪含量较高， 胴体评分也好。因此， 舍饲育肥和补饲育肥是值得推广的饲养方式     

凉山草坪病虫害及其防治途径初探

本文在调查研究凉山草坪病虫害的基础上,对草坪的病虫害防治进行了初步探讨和研究,并提出了解决途径.     

江苏"九五"中粳稻区试综合性状演变及育种对策

分析了“九五”江苏省中粳区试参试品种综合性状的演变 ,针对常规中粳稻育种存在的簿弱环节 ,提出了今后的育种对策 :( 1 )发掘有利种质 ,强化杂交配组。 ( 2 )塑造新的高产株型。( 3)将优质列入重要位置。 ( 4 )增强品种的抗逆能力     

How to maintain improved cultivars

Improved cultivars loose their identity and healthiness unless maintained properly. Contaminating and degrading forces, such as outcrossing, volunteer plants, mixing, natural selection, mutation and seed-borne diseases, are at the root of this. Maintenance selection can prevent this deterioration. How it is carried out depends on the reproduction system of the crop. Crops are therefore classified into four categories; typical cross-pollinating crops, self-pollinating crops with a substantial amount of outcrossing, typical self-pollinating crops with little outcrossing, and the vegetatively reproduced crops. Generally some of the “breeder seed” is used to plant a small plot with spaced plants. A fair number of healthy plants of the cultivar type is selected and the seed is harvested per plant. The progenies of the selected plants are grown in small plots. Non-uniform or deviating plots and plots with a seed-borne disease are removed. The seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar (and so of the cultivar type) are harvested per progeny to be tested next season on larger plots. The same selection is applied and only the seed of the progenies that are healthy, uniform and similar are harvested together to produce the “breeder seed”. The details of this maintenance selection vary with the reproduction system, the multiplication rate of the crop and the possibilities available to the breeder. Seven crops, potato, common bean, barley, wheat, faba bean, quinoa and maize are discussed here as they represent the different reproduction systems and multiplication rates, while being important Andean food crops.     

基本培养基和蔗糖浓度在大白菜花药培养中对胚状体诱导的影响

以6个大白菜品种为试材进行花药培养,研究了不同基本培养基和蔗糖浓度对胚状体诱导的影响。结果表明,B5和Keller培养基为适适宜的基本培养基;培养基适宜的蔗糖浓度为8％-12％,最适浓度为10％。     

冀鲁豫夏玉米区玉米杂交种群体生育型演变──Ⅰ．演化阶段与演进基本途径

在实验基础上,从群体生育型演变进化角度分析了冀鲁豫夏玉米区六十年代初至九十年代初三十年间玉米杂交种种性提高的自然现象,明确了玉米杂交种群体生育型以产量行为与抗斑一倒行为的持续改良为基本途径演进。极端杂交种株粒重提高了４８．４％,叶斑指数与倒折率分别下降了４．３与１．２个百分点。演进过程界定为四个演化阶段：Ⅰ．六十年代,以新单１、白单４为代表;Ⅱ．七十年代前期,以群单１０５、丹玉６为代表;Ⅲ．七十年代后期至八十年代初,以郑单２、博单１为代表;Ⅳ．八十年代前期至九十年代初,以烟单１４和掖单２为代表。玉米杂交种群体生育型演变进化遵循“多元动态代谢结群,系统吐纳循序渐进”的生物进化规律。     

集水背景下小流域综合治理的措施和管理形式

半干旱和半湿润易旱地区，天然降雨总量不足且供需错位，加之人类活动的影响，使得土地贫瘠，水土流失严重，环境不断恶化。在实地调查的基础上，作者认为，以集蓄雨水为基础的小流域综合治理是改善该地区生态环境、促进农业发展的有效途径。以河南省浙川县铁瓦河小流域为例，总结了该地区集水背景下的小流域综合治理的措施和管理形式，并论述了集水背景下的小流域综合治理在农业生产实践中的适合性。     

栾城县土系划分及其基本性状

本文根据中国土壤系统分类的原则要求,对河北省栾城县土壤进行了全面调查,确立了特征土层,具体划分出16个土系,初步明确了其基本属性与区域分布。