增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨——Ⅲ.增产菌对甜菜矿质营养的吸收及抗旱能力等的影响

研究表明,增产菌能影响甜菜对矿质营养的吸收速率及选择性,能明显地促进甜菜对N、P、Fe的吸收,但不能促进其对K、Na的吸收。在块根糖分增长期,增产菌有效地改善了碳水化合物的分配和利用,促进碳水化合物由叶片向根部运输。在水分胁迫条件下,增产菌能减少干旱对质膜的伤害作用,并能提高块根中脯氨酸浓度,维持较高叶片含水量和干物质累积速率。     

四川中南地区冬季家兔上呼吸道细菌分布研究

对四川中南部荣昌、隆昌、泸县、永川、双桥５个县区冬季健康家兔上呼吸道细菌分布情况进行调查研究，结果表明：冬季家兔上呼吸道细菌的数量与气温有关；细菌种类与致病性有关。５２个样本中，金色葡萄球菌检出率为４６．２％，表皮葡萄球菌检出率为３８．５％，肺炎链球菌检出率１９．２％，枯草杆菌检出率１５．４％，腐生葡萄球菌、蜡样杆菌、波氏杆菌检出率均为１１．５％，巴氏杆菌检出率９．６％，棒状杆菌检出率７．７％，大肠杆菌检出率５．８％，沙门氏菌与绿脓杆菌检出率均为１．９％。     

妊娠北极狐流产菌的分离与鉴定

从妊娠 35～ 50天的北极狐流产胎儿脏器中分离到一种革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,经培养特征、形态、生理生化、致病力测定 ,证实为鸡伤寒沙门氏菌 ,确定该菌为引起狐流产的病原菌     

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) as electron acceptor of culturable soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes

Dehydrogenase assays based on the reduction of 2,3,5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to the creaming red-coloured formazan (TPF), have been used to determine microbial activity in soil. By spraying TTC on culturable microbial colonies, whose growth was induced by applying glucose, we observed that from 72 to 100% of the bacterial and actinomycetes colonies in different soils were capable of using TTC as an electron acceptor. This percentage decreased to only 5% in the case of fungal colonies.     

抑真菌的乳酸菌在酸奶生产中的应用

为了提高酸奶的防霉效果,本研究采用抑真菌的乳酸菌进行酸奶发酵生产。通过对比保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的单菌发酵及添加抑真菌乳酸菌的混菌发酵发现,添加抑真菌乳酸菌的发酵酸奶,在凝乳时间、pH值、色泽、滋味和气味、组织状态等方面变化不显著(P>0.05);而在坚实度、稠度、黏度和黏性指数方面因菌株的不同而有所差异。向发酵后的酸奶中添加霉菌孢子悬液,结果发现添加抑真菌乳酸菌组的霉菌长出时间明显长于对照组。所以,将抑真菌乳酸菌应用于酸奶发酵,在不改变(或优化)原有酸奶特性的前提下可延长酸奶的保质期,但安全性方面还有待评估。     

Granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of slaughter pigs bacteriologically negative for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and positive for Rhodococcus equi

The prevalence of granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of pigs was studied. From January till August 2004 in two slaughterhouses in The Netherlands 2,116,536 pigs were examined for the presence of granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes. In 15,900 (0.75%) of these pigs, lesions could be detected. Nine farms with the highest incidence of lesions were selected for a more detailed pathological and bacteriological examination. On these farms, the prevalence of lesions in sub-maxillary lymph nodes ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% with a mean of 3.0%. From 1276 pigs that were sampled, 98 (7.7%) displayed granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes and one (0.1%) pig showed lesions in its mesenteric lymph node. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) could not be isolated from the lymph nodes of the 99 pigs with lesions and from a selection of lymph nodes (n = 61) of pigs without lesions. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 44 out of 98 (44.9%) of the sub-maxillary lymph nodes with granulomatous lesions and from two mesenteric lymph nodes without lesions. A comparison of former studies and the current results indicate that the prevalence of MAA infections in slaughter pigs has strongly decreased over the last decade, whereas R. equi is highly prevalent. The high incidence of granulomatous lesions associated with the bacteriological presence of R. equi could be considered as a serious cause of misdiagnosis of MAA infections in cases where meat inspection is carried out by inspection for granulomatous changes of lymph nodes only.     

化肥减量和有机替代对潮土微生物群落分子生态网络的影响

采用细菌16S rRNA基因高变区和真菌ITS区的Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术结合分子生态网络方法,分别测定了5种施肥处理（常量化肥,NPK;化肥减量,NPKR;化肥减量配施秸秆,NPKRS;化肥减量配施有机肥,NPKRO;化肥减量配施有机肥和秸秆,NPKROS）土壤中细菌和真菌的群落组成,构建可视化分子生态网络,并针对土壤有机质（soil organic matter,SOM）进行相关性网络分析,探究化肥减量和有机替代下土壤微生物群落分子生态网络及有机质相关性网络的变化特征。结果表明,化肥减量和有机替代显著提高了土壤SOM含量。与NPK处理相比,在细菌分子生态网络中,化肥减量和有机替代处理均增加了网络节点数和边数,降低了平均路径长度;在真菌分子生态网络中,NPKR处理提高了网络节点数和边数;有机替代处理增加了平均路径长度,降低了平均聚类系数;化肥减量和有机替代处理下与土壤SOM含量显著正相关的细菌菌群占比增加,真菌菌群占比降低。综上所述,化肥减量和有机替代能提高细菌分子生态网络规模和物种间传递物质、能量和信息的效率。化肥减量能提高真菌分子生态网络规模和群落互作,有机替代...     

Short-term changes in amino sugar-specific δ13C values after application of C4 and C3 sucrose

Amino sugars are useful indicators for the accumulation of microbial residues. A 14-day incubation experiment with C4 and C3 sucrose additions was carried out to investigate the relationships between amino sugar-specific shifts in δ¹³C values and those of CO₂ production, microbial biomass C, K₂SO₄ extractable C and soil organic C (SOC). High performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC-IRMS) was able to measure amino-sugar specific δ¹³C values for muramic acid (MurN), galactosamine (GalN), and glucosamine (GlcN) in the range of natural abundance. At day 7, the initial application of C4 sucrose significantly increased the δ¹³C value of MurN by 1.0‰ in comparison with the non-amended control treatment, whereas that of GalN and GlcN remained unchanged. This significant increase had disappeared by day 14. This means that the HPAEC-IRMS method is not useful for short-term incubation experiments in the natural abundance range, as the pool size, especially of GalN and GlcN, was too large for a significant response in δ¹³C values. The δ¹³C values significantly decreased in the order MurN (−23.2‰) > GalN (−25.7‰) > GlcN (−26.5‰) in the control treatment. Similar δ¹³C values were measured in GlcN, microbial biomass C, and SOC. MurN exhibited δ¹³C values similar to the K₂SO₄ extractable fraction. These results may be caused by differences in the access of bacteria and fungi to different SOC fractions or differences in metabolic fractionation in bacteria and fungi. C3 sucrose application without further nutrient supply seven days after C4 sucrose application together with N and P led to strong mineralization of freshly formed microbial residues.     

工业废水中氰化物的生物去除技术研究进展

对工业废水中氰化物的去除技术进行了介绍,重点分析了氰化物的生物去除技术及其研究进展.从实际应用的角度考虑,对氰化物的生物去除技术前景进行展望.开发极端条件下具有氰化物高效去除率的微生物以及通过基因改造得到优质微生物是氰化物生物去除的研究重点.     

Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance, gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of soybean meal (SBM) based diet on growth performance, histology of the intestinal epithelium and on the gut microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated on two trials lasting for 8 weeks (Trial I) and 18 weeks (Trial II). The microbiological characterization was done both with conventional plating techniques, biochemical profiling and length heterogeneity analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA (LH-PCR).Typical histological changes were found after 18 weeks of SBM feeding (Trial II). Mean height of simple foldings were significantly higher within the group fed with fish meal (FM) based diet. These changes were not, however, reflected in the appearance, behavior and weight gain of the fish, although the feed conversion rate (FCR) was higher, compared to fish fed with the traditional FM feed.In both SBM and FM groups the counts of cultivable intestinal bacteria dropped within the first 4 weeks of feeding (Trial I). Subsequently, the bacterial numbers increased in the FM group, but not in the SBM group by the 8th week of the trial. The LH-PCR data suggested also that diet-related qualitative changes in the microbiota had occurred (Trial II). The main identified bacteria were mainly representatives of the genera Aeromonas, Sphingomonas and Chryseomonas, and among the lactic acid bacteria, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus.Future research will be directed to the identification and eventual elimination the SBM-associated factors involved in the inflammatory responses and unfavorable FCR, in particular by modifying the intestinal microbiota.