Changes in the succession and diversity of protozoan and microbial populations in soil spiked with a range of copper concentrations

We studied microbial and protozoan activity, diversity and abundance as affected by Cu²⁺ amendments ranging from 0 to 1000 μg g⁻¹ over a 70-day period. At the end of the experiment the microbial population size, as indicated by substrate-induced respiration, had normalized for all Cu²⁺ concentrations, but 1000 μg g⁻¹. Protozoan abundance was negatively affected by Cu²⁺, although, only in the first few weeks. A more detailed analysis of the individual components that make up the microbial and micro-faunal populations (phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile and protozoan morphotypes), however, yielded a somewhat more complex picture. For the three highest Cu²⁺ amendments (160, 400 and 1000 μg g⁻¹), there still was a significant reduction in number of differentiable protozoan morphotypes. The bacterial PLFA pattern suggested a shift from Gram-negative towards Gram-positive bacteria for the high amendments, a process where protozoan grazing most likely played a significant role. The ratio of the trans/cis isomers of the 16:1ω7 fatty acid indicated that Cu²⁺, even at low and medium concentrations, induced physiological changes in the microbial population. The relatively slight changes in total microbial and micro-faunal abundance and activity, also at the highest Cu²⁺ concentrations, probably reflected the ability of the community to compensate for loss of taxa by functional substitution.     

A prospective study of canine infective endocarditis in northern California (1999-2001): emergence of Bartonella as a prevalent etiologic agent

A prospective study was performed (June 1999 to May 2001) to determine the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) due to Bartonella in dogs in northern California and to compare these patients with other dogs with IE. IE was diagnosed antemortem based on clinical signs and echocardiography in 18 dogs. The etiologic agent was Bartonella sp. in 5 dogs (28%) and was diagnosed by high seroreactivity to Bartonella (titer > 1:512; range, 1:1,024-1:4,096); and confirmed postmortem by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) from the infected valve and partial DNA sequencing of the citrate synthase gene (glt A). Conventional bacteria were causative agents in 7 dogs (39%). An etiologic agent was not identified in 6 dogs (33%). Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii (n = 3), B clarridgeiae (n = 1), and a B clarridgeiae-like organism (n = 1) were identified. Blood culture was positive only for the IE case due to B clarridgeiae. All dogs with IE due to Bartonella were also seroreactive to Anaplasma phagocytophilum. All dogs with IE due to Bartonella had lesions only on the aortic valve. Of the cases of IE not due to Bartonella, 31% involved the aortic valve, 61% the mitral valve, and 8% both valves. Dogs with mitral valve IE lived longer than all dogs with aortic valve IE (P = .004) and dogs with IE of the aortic valve due to Bartonella (P = .002). In conclusion, Bartonella is a common cause of IE in dogs of northern California. A high Bartonella serologic titer (> 1:512) is useful antemortem to diagnose aortic valve IE due to Bartonella.     

LiCl沉淀法提取富含荚膜的细菌基因组DNA

结合提取基因组DNA的CTAB法(hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和用于提取海藻基因组DNA的LiCl法,设计了针对产生较多荚膜多糖细菌的DNA提取方法—LiCl沉淀法。通过电泳、分光光度计及16SrRNA基因扩增检测,证明LiCl沉淀法可以有效地提取产荚膜细菌基因组DNA,其片断大小约为23kb,不需进一步纯化即可用于后续分子生物学实验。     

“非可培养的”细菌研究进展

自然界中只有少数的微生物容易在实验室条件下培养,而绝大多数是"未培养的"。研究显示只有通过分离得到它们的纯培养物,才可充分了解其生理和病理特性。该研究主要论述了该类微生物"未培养性"的可能原因,并阐述了从复杂微生物群落中分离培养该类细菌的方法。     

高质量浓度苯胺工业废水的治理

介绍了采用HSB微生物法处理高质量浓度苯胺工业废水的治理方法,可获得很好的处理效果,出水能达到国家一级排放标准。     

转Bt基因玉米对根际土壤细菌遗传多样性的影响

连续两年在田间自然状态下,采用PCR-DGGE方法研究6个不同生育期种植转Bt基因玉米MON810对根际土壤细菌群落遗传多样性的影响。结果表明,2008年,同一生育期内转Bt基因玉米与非Bt基因玉米根际土壤细菌16S rDNA DGGE指纹图谱相似,细菌群落的遗传物质组成差异不显著,仅在抽丝期和乳熟期Bt玉米出现两条差异条带。2009年,苗期、拔节期、喇叭口期、抽雄期4个生育期两种玉米出现差异条带,抽丝期和乳熟期无差异条带。对DGGE图谱条带进行克隆测序,部分图谱中的条带所代表的DNA序列相同,最终得到51条DNA序列,共涉及主要细菌门类8个,典型差异条带分别属于芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。总体来看,与不同品种相比,不同生育期、不同年份间细菌群落差异更为显著,Bt蛋白的积累对根际细菌群落变化有一定影响。     

A simple method to obtain endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots

We describe a simple technique for obtaining endophytic microorganisms from field-collected roots. Roots of plant species were surfaced-sterilized, cut into pieces, and then each root piece was transferred to drops of Gel-Gro medium. The number of segments with bacteria and fungi was quantified and those with bacteria and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi were plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) and malt extract agar (MEA), respectively. When arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) grew from root segments, they were inoculated into Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot root cultures. Eight different species of bacteria and five dark septate endophytes were isolated. Thirty AMF isolates were identified and continuous pure cultures established. This easy and inexpensive approach allowed us to culture various endophytic microorganisms in an in vitro system saving time and space.     

不同菌剂处理对玉米芯发酵过程中纤维素降解及相关酶活性的影响

以玉米芯为发酵原料,EM酵素菌、有机物料腐熟剂、金宝贝菌剂3种市售菌剂为发酵菌剂,研究了3种菌剂处理对玉米芯发酵过程中纤维素降解及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同发酵菌剂处理后,纤维素降解酶的活性均增强,玉米芯基质中的纤维素、半纤维素降解率高于对照,其中EM酵素菌处理效果最佳;3种菌剂处理使木质素过氧化物酶活性增强,可有效提高玉米芯基质中的木质素降解率,其中金宝贝菌剂处理效果最佳,与对照相比降解率提高21.1%~50.5%。     

某牛场犊牛大肠杆菌病的实验室诊断与药敏试验

2018年3月份,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某规模化奶牛场发生犊牛腹泻,为了确诊其病因,无菌采取10头腹泻犊牛粪便进行细菌分离鉴定、生化试验、PCR鉴定和药敏试验等。生化结果表明:符合大肠杆菌生化特性;PCR结果表明:引物能有效扩增大肠杆菌OmpA、K99、Sta、irp2、FyuA基因;药敏结果表明:大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、左氟沙星、头孢曲松高度敏感;10头犊牛均为大肠杆菌感染,本研究为该牛场犊牛腹泻的病因分析和防治提供了指导。