Diazinon reduction and partitioning between water,sediment and vegetation in stormwater runoff mitigation through rice fields

BACKGROUND: Contamination of surface waters by pesticides is a concern in the United States and around the world. Innovative mitigation strategies are needed to remediate this potential environmental contaminant. One potential solution is to divert pesticide‐laden drainage or surface water through agricultural rice fields. With a hydroperiod, hydrosoil and hydrophyte (rice), these systems serve essentially as a type of constructed wetland. In both summer and fall experiments, diazinon‐amended water was diverted through two rice ponds at the University of Mississippi Field Station. Likewise, a non‐vegetated control pond was amended with diazinon‐laden water. Water, sediment and plant samples were taken spatially and temporally to determine the distribution of diazinon within systems. RESULTS: Outflow diazinon concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from inflow in both vegetated ponds for both preharvest and post‐harvest experiments. Although sorption to rice plants was minimal in the overall mass distribution of diazinon (1–3%), temporal data indicated that diazinon concentrations reached the outflow sediment of the non‐vegetated control twice as fast as in either vegetated (rice) system. In both vegetated systems, sediment diazinon concentrations decreased (77 and 100%) from inflow to outflow, while a decrease of <2% was noted in the non‐vegetated control. CONCLUSIONS: Diversion of pesticide‐contaminated water through rice fields demonstrated potential as a low‐cost, environmentally efficient mitigation practice. Studies on these systems are continuing to evaluate the optimal chemical retention time for rice field mitigation, as well as diazinon transfer to rice grain seeds that may be used as a food source. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

猪BMSCs成脂分化中细胞膜钙离子通道、钙敏感受体及成脂定向相关基因表达研究

【目的】研究猪骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)定向分化为脂肪细胞过程中细胞膜上钙离子通道、钙敏感受体(Calcium-sensing receptor,Ca SR)基因及成脂定向相关基因的表达。【方法】从5~7日龄仔猪骨髓中分离纯化出猪BMSCs,诱导猪BMSCs成脂分化。油红O法和三酰甘油法检测细胞分化聚酯状况。在成脂分化不同时间(0、1、2、5和10 d)收集细胞,利用荧光定量PCR检测锌指蛋白423(Zinc finger protein423,Zfp423)、脂肪前体细胞因子(Preadipocyte factor 1,Pref-1)、骨形态发生蛋白2(Bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP2)、骨形态发生蛋白4(Bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP4)、细胞膜钙离子通道及Ca SR基因的mRNA表达变化。【结果】油红O染色和三酰甘油检测结果表明,成功诱导猪BMSCs成脂分化;定量PCR结果显示,在猪BMSCs成脂分化第5天,成脂定向标志基因Zfp423、脂肪前体细胞标志基因Pref-1及促进成脂分化基因BMP2、BMP4的mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05),说明第5天是猪BMSCs成脂定向形成脂肪前体细胞的关键时期;同时,细胞膜上的电压门控钙离子通道亚基电压依赖型α/δ亚型1(Voltage-dependentalpha-2/delta subunit 1,CACNA2D1)、钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1(Calciumr elease-activated calcium channel modulator 1,Orai1)、瞬时受体电位通道传统型1(Transient receptor potential canonical type 1,TRPC1)、瞬时受体电位通道M型7(Transient receptor potential melastatin 7,TRPM7)、瞬时受体电位通道香草素受体亚型1(Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor1,TRPV1)基因和Ca SR基因在诱导成脂第5天mRNA相对表达量也显著提高(P0.05),提示细胞膜钙离子通道及Ca SR基因可能参与了猪BMSCs成脂分化过程。【结论】揭示了猪BMSCs成脂分化过程中细胞膜钙离子通道、钙敏感受体及成脂定向相关基因的表达模式。     

BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为戴云山羊多胎性能候选基因的研究

为初步探索戴云山羊多胎性能的分子机制。以控制部分绵羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因作为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析戴云山羊BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。结果表明：多胎品种戴云山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR-IB基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15的FecXI、FecXH、FecXB基因、GDF9的FecGH基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点影响戴云山羊高繁殖力性状的可能性。因此,由于戴云山羊的BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9的全基因序列信息的缺乏,尚不能完全断定3个基因对戴云山羊高繁殖力性状没有影响。     

五星黄鸡BMP15基因多态性分析

[目的]分析五星黄鸡的BMPl5基因多态性。[方法]以217只五星黄鸡L系母鸡为材料,采用全测序方法检测BMPl5基因的多态性及其与300日龄产蛋数的相关性。[结果]在BMPl5基因2个外显子中共检测到13个SNPs,在外显子1中检测到4个。其中C34T突变使亮氨酸变为苯丙氨酸;在外显子2中检测到9个,其中G540A突变使甘氨酸变为丝氨酸,其他位点为无义突变。G540A位点AA基因型比GA基因型产蛋数平均多16．7枚,差异显著（P〈O．05）;其余位点不同基因型产蛋数差异不显著。[结论]该研究为五星黄鸡高产蛋数的分子标记辅助选择提供了参考。     

毛囊发育过程中信号转导调控网络的初步研究

毛囊发育依赖于一系列的信号分子和细胞分子,这些分子包括FGF、EGF、PDGF、Wnt、BMP、Shh和Notch等,它们在毛囊的发育中被反复利用,并相互作用、交织成网.     

德国肉用美利奴羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因10个突变位点的多态性检测分析

以影响不同绵羊品种产羔数的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因作为候选基因,采用连接酶检测反应(LDR)法,检测10个突变位点在德国肉用美利奴羊上的多态性及其对产羔数的影响。结果表明:在德国肉用美利奴羊中未发现BMPR-IB基因的FecB突变和BMP15基因的FecXI、FecXB、FecXL、FecXH、FecXG、FecXR突变及GDF9基因的FecGH(G8)、FecTT突变,但在GDF9上检测到G1突变,该突变处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,达到中度多态水平,但其多态性与产羔数无显著性相关。     

Pathogenesis of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a biological process through which endothelial cells change their endothelial phenotype into a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype with the expression of mesenchymal markers such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin. When the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are exposed to hypoxia and inflammatory stimulation, vascular smooth muscle cells in the outer and middle membrane accumulate through EndMT process, leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogentic protein (BMP) signaling pathways promote EndMT process by bone morphogentic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene mutation which up-regulates high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) gene and contributes to protein expression such as Slug and Snail, thus resulting in PAH. In brief, TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and related regulators play an important role in pulmonary vascular reconstruction and the formation of PAH.     

栉孔扇贝骨形态发生蛋白2基因的克隆及表达分析

为了解骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)在贝类生物矿化方面的作用,该研究发现并克隆了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata) BMP7的同源基因BMP7b,并对其进行了组织表达分析。结果显示,该基因cDNA长2 464 bp,其中ORF长1 194 bp,编码397个氨基酸。BMP7b蛋白无跨膜结构,含有1个信号肽(1~26 aa),1个TGF-β前肽结构域(25~240 aa)和1个TGF-β结构域(299~396 aa)。BMP7b在各组织和各胚胎发育时期中均有表达,在鳃和外套膜的表达量高,在肠和肝胰腺的表达量低;在担轮幼虫期的表达量远远高于其他时期。贝壳缺刻实验显示24 h后,BMP7b表达量显著上升。以上结果表明BMP7b可能在合浦珠母贝贝壳形成和修护过程中起重要作用。     

合浦珠母贝骨形态发生蛋白10(BMP10)基因的克隆与表达分析

骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs)具有成骨活性, 在胚胎发育、组织发生、生殖调控等方面也有重要作用, 但在贝类中研究还很少。研究克隆了合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)BMP10基因, 命名为PfBMP10。该基因cDNA长1 752 bp, 包含开放阅读框(ORF)1 344 bp, 编码447个氨基酸。编码蛋白包含一个N端信号肽、一个前结构域和成熟蛋白区。成熟区包含转化生长因子(transforming growth factor beta, TGF-)结构域, 其中含7个半胱氨酸残基。不同发育时期表达分析显示PfBMP10高表达于担轮期和变态期, 提示其可能参与幼体担轮期、变态期的发育调控。组织表达分析显示其在鳃和外套膜高表达, 贝壳缺刻实验显示缺刻处理24 h后其在鳃和外套膜中的表达量均显著上升, 表明PfBMP10可能与贝壳形成相关。研究结果可为BMP家族基因功能及贝壳形成机理研究提供参考。