Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs

Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) metabolism are increasingly recognized in small animal medicine and have a variety of causes ranging from chronic gastrointestinal disease to hereditary defects in cobalamin metabolism. Measurement of serum cobalamin concentration, often in combination with serum folate concentration, is routinely performed as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. While the detection of hypocobalaminemia has therapeutic implications, interpretation of cobalamin status in dogs can be challenging. The aim of this review is to define hypocobalaminemia and cobalamin deficiency, normocobalaminemia, and hypercobalaminemia in dogs, describe known cobalamin deficiency states, breed predispositions in dogs, discuss the different biomarkers of importance for evaluating cobalamin status in dogs, and discuss the management of dogs with hypocobalaminemia.     

我国牦牛染色体研究现状

综述了近10年来我国牦牛染色体研究的情况,认为牦牛与普通牛在部分常染色体和Y染色体结构上的差异是导致犏牛雄性不育的原因之一,并指出我国牦牛染色体的研究,今后应以染色体带型标准化,染色体带型与经济性状的相关性,牦牛与其它牛种染色体的比较研究等为主攻方向。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒姻台株gB基因的序列测定及其结构功能分析

研究以鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ILTV）烟台株为模板，PCIK扩增出1条约2．7的gB基因片段，并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中。序列测定显示，gB基因长2622bp，包含完的阅读框架。序列比较分析发现，烟台株和王岗株、河北株的班基因核苷酸序列与SA2株的比均在第89位上缺失1个碱基G，而在第102位核苷酸处插入1个碱基A，从而引起氨基酸序中第29-32位5个氨基酸的移码突变。烟台株还有另外7个碱基发生突变，使得其班基因与北株、王岗株、SA2疫苗株的gB基因核苷酸同源性分别为99．8％、99．7％和99．6％，氨基酸的同性分别为99．4％、99．4％、98．9％，表明不同ILTV毒株之间gB基因是非常保守的。划型相列河源     

Treatment of refractory feline sporotrichosis with a combination of intralesional amphotericin B and oral itraconazole

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of intralesional amphotericin B in localised lesions for the treatment of 26 cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with sporotrichosis refractory to oral itraconazole. DESIGN Uncontrolled intervention study. METHOD The 26 cats in this study were diagnosed with sporotrichosis, confirmed by isolation of Sporothrix schenckii, and presented residual localised skin lesions refractory to treatment with oral itraconazole for a minimum period of 8 weeks. The animals received weekly applications of intralesional amphotericin B in conjunction with oral itraconazole. In cases of owner unavailability, a maximum of 2 weeks between the infiltrations was accepted. RESULTS Twenty-two (84.6%) of the 26 treated cats achieved clinical remission, 16 (72.7%) of which were cured, and in the remaining six (27.3%) the lesions recurred at the same site. Lack of clinical response was observed in one animal and three owners abandoned treatment. CONCLUSION The proposed therapeutic regimen is an adjunctive treatment option for cats with sporotrichosis presenting as residual skin lesions refractory to itraconazole.     

Serological prevalence study of exposure of cats and dogs in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia to spotted fever group rickettsiae

A sero-epidemiological study of cats and dogs in the Launceston area of Tasmania, Australia was undertaken to determine the prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Results showed that 59% of cats and 57% of dogs were positive for antibodies, but there was no correlation between the animal's health and seropositivity at the time of testing, suggesting that rickettsial exposure is unrelated to ill-health in these two species of domestic animals.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)对罗斯308肉鸡抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。试验选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡216羽,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中添加B.subtilis105CFU/g。饲养试验期为42d。结果表明:与对照组相比,处理组肉鸡日增重提高了12.20%(P0.05),血清与肝脏的总抗氧化能力(P0.05)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.01)显著增加;血清中丙二醛(MDA)、NO及肝脏中MDA水平(P0.05)显著降低。此外,日粮中添加B.subtilis显著提高了肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和血清中IgG水平(P0.05),而对脾脏指数及血清中溶菌酶、白介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α等指标无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加适量B.subtilis可通过提高肉鸡的抗氧化与免疫功能而改善其生长性能。     

布鲁菌S2疫苗株免疫牛与牛种、羊种布鲁菌自然感染牛ELISA鉴别诊断方法的建立

为建立区分猪种布鲁菌S2疫苗株接种奶牛与布鲁菌自然感染奶牛,BLAST比对分析羊种、牛种、猪种、犬种、沙林鼠种和绵羊种6种布鲁菌基因序列,发现repA—related基因是猪种布鲁菌与牛种及羊种布鲁菌的差异基因。设计引物PCR扩增获得repA-related基因片段,克隆并原核表达得到了布鲁菌repA—related融合蛋白,以repArelated蛋白建立间接EI．IsA检测方法。用repA—related蛋白间接ELISA检测猪种s2疫苗株接种动物血清为阳性,检测牛种和羊种布鲁菌自然感染动物血清为阴性。repA—related蛋白间接EusA能从试管凝聚实验（SAT）及常规ELIsA检测阳性的奶牛血清样本中,区分出s2疫苗接种牛与牛种布鲁菌感染牛。     

三种鹅鸡草的生物系统学研究

通过对鹅观草属犬草组长芒鹅观草、缘毛鹅观和鹅观草３个种及春种间杂种的形态变异、染色体配对行为和繁育特性进行研究,探讨这３个种的亲缘关系。Ｆ１植株的外形趋于两亲本之间。在减数分裂过程中,亲本种染色体配对正常。杂种Ｆ１的染色体配对数较高,平均构型：Ｒ．ｐｅｎｄｕｌｉｎａ＊Ｒ．ｄｏｌｉｃｈａｔｈｅｒａ为０．５６１Ⅰ＋１３．７２Ⅱ;Ｒ．ｄｏｌｉｃｈａｔｈｅｒａ＊Ｒ．ｋａｍｏｊｉ为７．５８Ⅰ＋１３．５８Ⅱ＋     

Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels

The objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB₁) on growth performance, organs, hepatic enzyme activities, apparent digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activities in ducks. Ninety 1-day-old Cherry Valley commercial ducks were designed to three treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. Group I (control) was fed conventional feed free of AFB₁, group II or III was fed the diets containing 20 μg/kg or 40 μg/kg AFB₁-contaminated rice respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks. The results were that decreased body weight gain and feed intake, increased feed to gain ratio and selected organ weights (liver, kidney and pancreas) were observed in AFB₁-treated groups. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in AFB₁-contamined groups. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was significantly lower while activities of digestive enzyme from duodenum contents including protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase were increased in AFB₁-treated group. These results indicated that AFB₁ of feed could decrease growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients, change digestive enzyme activities of duodenum contents in duck.     

Direct and indirect lymphocyte participation in the immunity and immunopathology of tropical canine pancytopenia—A review

Erlichia canis, a rickettsial pathogen which infects monocytes, induces generalized lymphocyte activation. Activated T lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells capable of destroying infected and uninfected monocytes and platelets. Activated B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells associated with plasmocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia with high levels of specific antibody and a platelet migration inhibition factor. These effector mechanisms, aimed at parasite destruction, contribute to the pathogenesis of acute tropical canine pancytopenia and do not completely eliminate the etiologic agent. A carrier state of ‘infection-immunity’ exists between the immunocompetent host and virulent parasite. E. canis has evolved mechanisms of ‘tolerant-symbiosis’ with hostile macrophages and other effector cells in the immune host.