水稻质体多顺反子表达载体的构建及其对烟草质体的转化

【目的】尝试水稻质体多顺反子定点整合表达载体转化到烟草质体中表达。【方法】根据已发表的相关序列，分别设计引物，通过PCR技术克隆了一系列构建水稻质体多顺反子定点整合表达载体所需的元件：质体核糖体(16S)RNA操纵元启动子（Prrn）、质体psbA基因3′端终止子（psbA3′）、氨基糖苷3′-腺苷酰基转移酶基因（aadA）、水稻质体基因组高频同源重组片段(psbC/trnG，大小3362 bp)，命名为crDNA、甘露聚糖酶基因（man）、绿荧光蛋白基因（gfp）。构建了水稻质体多顺反子定点整合表达载体pLM21(-psbC-Prrn-RBS -man-RBS-gfp-RBS-aadA-psbA3′- trnG-)。将该载体用基因枪轰击烟草叶片5枪，用添加了壮观霉素的选择分化培养基筛选。【结果】获得质体转基因烟草4株。用PCR、激光扫描和Western blot等方法检测都证实man、gfp、aadA三个基因且均得到表达，用RFLP证实表达盒整合到烟草质体基因组中。【结论】水稻质体多顺反子定点整合表达载体已整合到烟草质体基因组中，并得到表达。     

15%麦极WP对日本看麦娘等麦田恶性禾本科杂草的防治效果

采用盆栽方法,研究了15%麦极WP对日本看麦娘、野燕麦、雀麦和节节麦4种麦田恶性禾本科杂草的防治效果.结果表明:麦极300～450g/hm2处理能有效控制2～6叶期的日本看麦娘和野燕麦,但对节节麦和雀麦防效不大.经济用量为300g/hm2,对野燕麦和日本看麦娘的防治效果可分别达到100%和93.2%以上.     

水稻重金属镉吸收和转运的分子遗传机制研究进展

镉是对人体健康具有高度毒害作用的重金属元素之一。人体摄入镉的主要来源是食用镉超标的稻米，因此研究水稻对镉吸收、转运、积累的遗传机制尤为重要。目前，虽然水稻镉积累的遗传通路尚未完全明晰，但已明确了一些重要基因在稻米镉积累过程中的调控作用。本文就镉胁迫对水稻的危害、水稻品种间镉积累量的变异、水稻镉积累相关QTL、水稻镉吸收转运相关基因的研究进展及其育种利用加以综述，探讨了未来研究的方向。     

Elongation of the Uppermost Internode for Changxuan 3S,a Thermo- Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line

Changxuan 3S, a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line with eui gene, is derived from the TGMS rice line Pei＇ai 64S by irradiation with 350 Gy of ^60Co γ-ray. To elucidate the uppermost internode elongation of the TGMS line with eui gene, Changxuan 3S and its parent Pei＇ai 64S were used to study the effects of temperature on panicle exsertion. At 24℃, the uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S elongated the fastest from the 4^th day before flowering to 0 day （flowering）, being 2.1-fold as that of Pei＇ai 64S, whereas it elongated slowly during the 12^th day to the 4^th day before flowering and the 1^st to the 3^rd day after flowering. The uppermost internode of Changxuan 3S exserted from the flag leaf sheath at 22℃, 24℃ and 26℃, and the length of elongated uppermost internode increased with the decreasing temperatures. At 28℃, though the panicles of Changxuan 3S were still enclosed in the leaf sheath, the degree of panicle enclosure was significantly lower compared with Pei＇ai 64S. Cytological studies on Changxuan 3S showed that the uppermost internode elongation was attributed to the increase of cell number and cell elongation, and the latter was more significant. Moreover, the numbers of outermost and innermost parenchyma cells and the cell length of the uppermost internode reduced with the increasing temperatures.     

OsSUV3 transgenic rice maintains higher endogenous levels of plant hormones that mitigates adverse effects of salinity and sustains crop productivity

Background

The SUV3 (suppressor of Var 3) gene encodes a DNA and RNA helicase, which is localized in the mitochondria. Plant SUV3 has not yet been characterized in detail. However, the Arabidopsis ortholog of SUV3 (AT4G14790) has been shown to be involved in embryo sac development. Previously, we have reported that rice SUV3 functions as DNA and RNA helicase and provides salinity stress tolerance by maintaining photosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. Here, we report further analysis of the transgenic OsSUV3 rice plants under salt stress.

Findings

The transgenic OsSUV3 overexpressing rice T₁ lines showed significantly higher endogenous content of plant hormones viz., gibberellic acid (GA₃), zeatin (Z) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaf, stem and root as compared to wild-type (WT), vector control (VC) and antisense (AS) plants under salt (200 mM NaCl) stress condition. A similar trend of endogenous plant hormones profile was also reflected in the T₂ generation of OsSUV3 transgenic rice under defined parameters and stress condition.

Conclusions

In response to stress, OsSUV3 rice plants maintained plant hormone levels that regulate the expression of several stress-induced genes and reduce adverse effects of salt on plant growth and development and therefore sustains crop productivity.     

mRNA差异显示技术在分离水稻抗性基因中的应用

mRNA差异显示技术从问世至今,在分离水稻抗性基因中得到了广泛的应用,通过对差异表达基因进行分析,能够进一步阐明水稻的抗性机理.对近年来mRNA差异显示法分离水稻抗性基因的研究做了总结,并从引物改进、PCR退火温度、dNTP浓度的改进、胶浓度的选择、标记方法的改进和差异片段验证方法的改进7个方面对mRNA差异显示技术的优化做了简单阐述.     

硅对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗体内镉分布规律的研究

采用溶液培养,研究不同浓度(0、30、80、130、180mg/L)的SiO2在4.0mg/LCdCl2浓度胁迫下对水稻幼苗体内镉(Cd)的分布规律。结果表明,在Cd胁迫下Si降低了水稻幼苗根、茎、叶、鞘、共质体和质外体Cd含量,其分布规律为:根茎叶茎鞘叶片,呈现出末端分布规律。说明Si促使大量的Cd累积在根中,根是Cd累积的主要部位,而茎、叶中Cd累积量较少。可见,Si可抑制水稻体内Cd由地下部分向地上部分运输,且能抑制地上部分Cd向叶片运输,并能减少Cd进入共质体。     

利用染色体片段置换系定位水稻芽期耐冷性QTL

以籼稻品种9311为受体、粳稻品种日本晴为供体构建的95个染色体片段置换系为材料,在5℃低温条件下进行芽期耐冷性鉴定。结果表明,6个置换系低温处理后的成苗率与受体亲本9311有一定差异,其耐冷性略强于9311。利用代换作图法共鉴定出4个与芽期耐冷性相关的QTL,分别位于水稻第5和第7染色体上。其中qCTB-5-1、qCTB-5-2和qCTB-5-3分别被定位在第5染色体RM267与RM1237、RM2422与RM6054及RM3321与RM1054之间遗传距离分别为21.3cM、27.4cM和12.7cM的置换片段上;qCTB-7被定位在第7染色体RM11-RM2752区间遗传距离为6.8cM的置换片段上。     

水旱条件下近红外发射光谱预报水稻直链淀粉含量与粗蛋白含量的QTL分析

以水稻珍汕97B和旱稻IRAT109杂交F9代重组自交系群体为材料,分别在水旱两种处理条件下,用近红外光谱回归模型预测群体的直链淀粉含量及粗蛋白含量。分析结果表明,两种处理条件下直链淀粉含量无显著差异,水分胁迫处理条件下粗蛋白含量显著降低。利用QTLMapper共检测到22个主效QTL和66对显著互作位点与直链淀粉含量和粗蛋白含量有关。主效QTL对直链淀粉和蛋白质含量的联合贡献率在非胁迫条件下为35.34%和37.33%,在胁迫条件下分别为53.40%和58.10％;互作位点对直链淀粉和蛋白质含量的联合贡献率在正常水分条件下分别为66.74%和57.49%,在胁迫条件下分别为48.65%和36.59%。