Conservation value of variable connectivity: aquatic invertebrate assemblages of channel and floodplain habitats of a central Australian arid-zone river, Cooper Creek

Rapidly expanding water resource development in arid and semi-arid zones of Australia threatens the flow regime and ecological integrity of the few large dryland rivers and their immense floodplains. Efforts to manage and conserve the surface waters of these rivers are hampered by limited scientific data on the ecology of their flora and fauna and on their responses to the high natural variability of flow regime that typifies dryland rivers. Irregular floods connect channel and floodplain wetlands to differing degrees and for varying periods of time but the ecological significance of this connectivity is poorly understood. On Cooper Creek, a large dryland river in central Australia, we explored the degree to which assemblage composition varied with connectivity and hydrological regime. Shortly after protracted regional flooding, we sampled aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages from the principal microhabitats in 12 channel and floodplain wetlands. Ephemeral and temporary lakes tended to have fewer taxa than semi-permanent channel or terminal lake habitats. Although hydrological connection had only recently been lost for some wetlands, there was already evidence of divergence in aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Disruption of the natural variability in connectivity and hydrological regime by excessive water abstraction or river-flow regulation threatens the ecological integrity and aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of dryland rivers. Preservation of the irregular flow regime and sporadic connectivity underpins conservation of the mosaic of floodplain wetlands that play such a crucial role in the ecosystem functioning of rivers such as Cooper Creek.     

巢湖沉积物总磷含量及无机磷形态的研究

以巢湖为研究对象,分析研究了巢湖沉积物总磷含量的水平、垂直分布以及磷的无机形态.表明结果:巢湖表层沉积物中的总磷含量范围在0.3～1.1 mg/g间,平均含量为0.55 mg/g.总磷含量的水平分布有由北向南递减的趋势,河口沉积物总磷的垂直分布出现变化程度的差异.巢湖沉积物无机形态的磷主要以Fe-P、Ca-P为主,两者之和为总磷的80%以上,但Fe-P与Ca-P表现出相异的空间变化特征.     

The river elbe

Industrial activities in the river basin of the Elbe have a very long tradition, and have been resulting in the contamination of sediments for centuries. Contamination lasted until the fall of the iron curtain; since then, the situation has improved significantly. In the transition zone between freshwater systems and the marine environment, ports like Hamburg still have to bear this burden of history. An overall (contaminated) management strategy should be developed in the context of the European Water Framework Directive with the emphasis on source control. Axel Netzband gave a keynote lecture during the SedNet Inaugural Conference, April 22–24, 2002, which forms the basis of this article.     

菲律宾蛤仔对扑草净的生物富集与消除规律

以QuEChERS作为样品前处理手段,建立测定水产品中扑草净残留的气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS)。样品以乙腈-二氯甲烷 (V∶V=8∶2) 混合溶液提取,提取液经吸附剂中性氧化铝、N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA)、纳米二氧化锆结合石墨化炭黑 (GCB) 净化后上机检测,内标法定量。结果显示,扑草净质量浓度介于5~200 μg·L⁻¹线性关系良好,相关系数 (R²) 为0.9999。对草鱼 (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鳜 (Siniperca chuatsi)、中国对虾 (Penaeus chinensis)、海参 (Holothuria sp.) 和文蛤 (Meretrix meretrix) 进行4个水平的加标回收实验 (10、20、40和200 µg·kg⁻¹),方法的加标回收率为85.8%~111.8%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~8.8%,满足GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》中实验室质量控制规范。扑草净的检出限 (LOD, S/N≥3) 和定量限 (LOQ, S/N≥10) 分别为5和10 µg·kg⁻¹。该方法简单、快速、灵敏、净化效果好,能满足水产品中扑草净残留的检测需求。     

北京怀沙河、怀九河水生植物区系初步研究

对北京怀沙河、怀九河水生植被的种类组成、分布区类型以及植被类型进行了调查.结果表明:该区共有水生植物16科18属24种;分布区类型以世界广泛分布成分最多,其次为北温带分布;水生植被分为沉水、浮水和挺水3个植被亚型和香蒲群落、慈菇群落、满江红群落、水毛茛群落、豆瓣菜群落等13个群系.     

内陆地区《养殖水环境化学》课程教学改革初探

养殖水环境化学是水产养殖学专业重要的专业基础课,课程的理论及实践性均较强。该文针对内陆高等院校养殖水环境化学课程的现状、存在的问题进行了剖析,就改进授课方法、提高学生实践动手能力、理论联系实际能力等方面进行了初步改革和探索。     

黄土高原梯田和淤地坝坡沟治理措施对产流产沙的协同效应

黄土高原地区的梯田和淤地坝措施发挥了重要的水土保持功能,然而现有的研究主要关注单个措施的减水减沙效应,对坡沟治理措施综合配置协同调控水沙过程的作用一直认识不清。因此,该研究为解析梯田和淤地坝措施对水沙过程的协同调控效应,构建了10个坡沟系统物理模型,设置了对照组（CO）,单一措施组（梯田措施（T0）,4种因淤地坝淤积导致坡沟区域的坡长缩短（L1、L2、L3和L4））和组合措施组（梯田与4种因淤地坝淤积导致坡沟区域的坡长缩短的综合配置（T1、T2、T3和T4））,进行降雨强度为90 mm/h的室内模拟降雨试验,量化不同试验方案下坡沟系统的产流产沙过程。结果表明：1）梯田措施和淤地坝淤积导致坡沟区域坡长缩短均有效调控了坡沟系统的产流产沙过程,梯田能分别减少46.30%～83.59%的径流总量和25.82%～82.41%的泥沙总量,淤地坝导致坡沟区域坡长缩短能分别减少7.87%～33.42%的径流总量和10.20%～30.57%的泥沙总量。2）不同试验方案下坡沟系统的产沙率和产流率之间满足线性关系,而累计产沙量和累计产流量满足幂函数关系。3）综合措施配置发挥了“1+1> 2”的水土保持...     

养殖池塘底泥磷酸酶活性与释磷关系及其调控的研究

以天津市东丽区和西青区2个养殖池塘为对象,采用室内试验方法,研究了底泥中各有机磷组分与上覆水中可溶性磷（DRP）含量、底泥磷酸酶活性与有机磷各组分及上覆水中可溶性磷之间的关系,并采取不同处理对底泥酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性进行调控。结果表明,底泥中活性有机磷（LOP）、中等活性有机磷（MLOP）、中稳性有机磷（MROP）与上覆水中DRP之间呈显著正相关。底泥中ALP与MLOP、MROP之间相关显著,并对其直接影响较大;ACP与MLOP之间相关显著,对其产生的直接影响也很大。A、B两池塘底泥中ALP与上覆水中DRP随时间变化规律基本一致,二者之间呈显著正相关。在养殖水体中加入酶抑制剂和沸石能抑制ALP和ACP活性,并以酶抑制剂加沸石的处理效果最好。